CH 14 Notes

Life is impossible without water. Water makes up about __% of our body weight

Of all water on earth, ____ is available for humans.

The eather has plenty of water but __% of it is salty.

Most of the water is ____, _____, or ____ in the soil or atmosphere.

__% of water on earth is fresh water, but almost __% is frozen in ice caps and glaciers.

Water available to us is: __% is groundwater, and __% is freshwater in lakes, rivers, in soil, and air.

The largest most productive estuary on the west coast is:

Estuary drains __% of California's land area via the ____ and ____ rivers.

San Francisco Bay and Delta provides drinking water for ___ of the state's population.

San Fransico Delta & Bay supplies irrigation for farmland that supplies __% of the nation's vegetables.

The continuous circulation of water from ocean to atmosphere to land and back to the ocean is:

Fresh water found on earth's surface in rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, wetlands; remains on the land, does not seep down through the soil

Areas of land covered with water at least part of the year.

The movement of freshwater from precipitaion and snowmelt to rivers, lakes, wetlands and ultimately to the ocean.

Area of land drained by a single river is:

An entire river system; the area drained by a river and all of its tributaries.

Fresh water under the earth's surface that is stored in underground aquifers.

Stored ground water in caverns and porous rock:

Water stored between impermeable layers of rock; trapped or "protected" water.

Ground water with porous rock above it:

The uppermost level of an unconfined aquifer, below which the ground is saturated with water:

The greatest user of water worldwide is ____ for ____ at about __%.

To provide water for crops or landscape

Dry land or desert.

Any region that receives less than 10 inches of rain per year.

Land that gets more rain than desert but is prone to frequent and prolonged droughts.

____ and humans exacerbation causing flood damage; Upper Mississippi River Basin.

Example of flood plain:

Areas bordering rivers that are subject to flooding:

Flood damage potential is increased by ____ and ____ on flood plains.

The ____ of 9 mid-western states was worst flood in U.S. history.

____ of the Mississippi flood plain contributed greatly to the flood damage.

The removal of more ground water than can be recharged by precipitation; lowering of the water table and can lead to subsidence.

Sinking of the land is:

The movement of seawater in to a freshwater aquifer

Salt accumulation on the soil, especially when over irrigated.

Water problems in the U.S.:

____ is former wastewater (sewage) that has been treated to remove solids and certain impurities, and then allowed to recharge the aquifer rather than being discharged into surface water.

Part of the runoff that comes from underground flow into rivers is:

____ means humans use water resources carefully, so that water is available for future generations.

Benefits and drawbacks of dams and reservoirs: Example-

Used by migratory fish to get around dam.

Diverting water from where it is plentiful through a system of aqueducts is:

Two methods of desalinization:

Taking the salt out of seawater or groundwater is:

Boiling to separate water from impurities is:

Forcing saltwater through a semi-permeable membrane to take out impurities is:

Example of water conservation:

Water usage reduced by watering individual plants (reduces water usage by __-__% and salt left in the soil).

Water that has already been used in sinks and showers that can be used again for your landscape is:

Using landscape that requires little water is:

Making a difference in water conservation: