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A globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other, forming microfilaments in muscle and other kinds of cells.
actin
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A eukaryotic cell structure consisting of a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubule triplets. may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum and is structurally very similar to a centriole.
basal body
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Structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells, important during cell division; functions as a microtubule-organizing center. has two centrioles.
A centrosome
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A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers, found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
collagen
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infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses electron transport chains and molecules of the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP (ATP synthase).
cristae
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circular flow of cytoplasm, involving myosin and actin filaments, that speeds the distribution of materials within cells.
cytoplasmic streaming
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In cilia and flagella, a large contractile protein extending from one microtubule doublet to the adjacent doublet. ATP hydrolysis drives changes in its shape that lead to bending of cilia and flagella.
dynein
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A glycoprotein that helps animal cells attach to the extracellular matrix.
fibronectin
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A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it.
glycoprotein
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in animal cells, a transmembrane receptor protein that interconnects the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton.
integrin
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In plants, a thin layer of adhesive extracellular material, primarily pectins, found between the primary walls of adjacent young cells.
middle lamella
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The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle.
mitochondrial matrix
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A protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements and other cell components, producing movement of the whole cell or parts of the cell.
motor protein
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A netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope; it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus.
nuclear lamina
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One of a family of closely related organelles that includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts (leucoplasts). found in cells of photosynthetic organisms.
Plastids
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A glycoprotein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached, found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells. may consist of up to 95% carbohydrate.
proteoglycan
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A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding.
pseudopodia
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