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Serratus posterior superior
Lower part of ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7 and T1-3 TO upper borders and outer surfaces of ribs 2-5 lateral to their angles
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Serratus posterior inferior
Spines of T11-12 and L1-3 TO lower borders and outer surfaces of ribs 9-12 lateral to their angles
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Splenious capitis
Lower half of ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7-T4 TO mastoid process and lateral third of superior nuchal line
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Splenius cervicis
Spines of T3-6 TO posterior transverse tubercles of C1-3
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Iliocostalis cervicis, thoracis, and lumborum
Angles of the ribs TO posterior transverse tubercles as high as C4
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Longissimus capitis, cervicis, and thoracis
Transverse processes and lower 9 or 10 ribs between their tubercles and angles TO mastoid process
-
Spinalis thoracis, (sometimes cervicis)
L2 TO T2
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Semispinalis capitis, cervicis, and thoracis
- Lower thoracic region TO Skull (Semispinalis capitis inserts between the
- superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone)
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Multifidus
Sacrum: S4 TO Axis: C2
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Rotatores brevis and longus
Transverse process TO spinous process (brevis = one vertebrae, longus = two vertebrae)
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Rectus capitis posterior major
Spine of axis TO lateral part of inferior nuchal line
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Rectus capitis posterior minor
Posterior tubercle of atlas TO medial part of inferior nuchal line
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Obliquus capitis inferior
Spine of axis TO transverse process of atlas
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Obliquus capitis superior
Transverse process of atlas TO between superior and inferior nuchal lines
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External intercostals
Rib above TO rib below
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Internal intercostals
Rib above TO rib below
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Innermost intercostals
Rib above TO rib below
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Transversus thoracis
Lower third of posterior sternal surface and xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 4 or 5-7 TO costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
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Levatores costarum brevis and longus
Tips of the C7-T11 transverse processes TO rib below or 2 ribs below, between the tubercle and angle
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Sternal part of the diaphragm
Two fleshy slips from back of xiphoid process TO central tendon
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Costal part of the diaphragm
- Inner surfaces of lower six costal cartilages and adjacent portions of their ribs on each side TO central
- tendon
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Lumbar part of the diaphragm
Medial and lateral arcuate ligaments or lumbocostal arches, and anterolateral surfaces of the upper three lumbar vertebral bodies and discs by the muscular right and left crura TO central tendon
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External abdominal oblique
Outer surfaces and lower borders of ribs 5-12 interdigitating with serratus anterior above and latissimus dorsi below TO anterior half of outer lip of iliac crest
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Internal abdominal oblique
- Anterior 2/3 of intermediate line of iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia TO posterior fibers to inferior borders of lower 3 or 4 ribs, intermediate fibers to outer surfaces and lower borders of
- 7-9 costal cartilages and linea alba, and lowest fibers curve downward and medially to
- pubic crest and pecten pubis.
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Transversus abdominis
- Inner surfaces of lower 6 costal cartilages, anterior 2/3 of inner lip of iliac crest, lateral third of inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia TO linea alba, and lowest fibers curve downward and medially to
- pubic crest and pecten pubis.
-
Rectus abdominis
Pubic tubercle, crest, and symphysis TO 5-7 costal cartilages, side of xiphoid process
-
Quadratus lumborum
Iliocolumbar ligament and adjacent portion of iliac crest TO lower border of 12th rib, transverse processes of upper four lumbar vertebrae
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