-
grass w/ sharp edges
- Arundinaria gigantea (very large plant height)
- Poaceae; river cane
- Fruit: caryopsis
- formerly used for arrow shafts, blow guns, baskets, roofing, siding
- livestock forage
-
- xCupressocyparis leylandii (named for Leyland)
- Cupressaceae; Leyland cypress
- hybrid from England
- Cone: peltate scales
- x before genus = intergeneric hybrid
- landscaping/screening
- tolerant to salt spray
- fast growing, but subject to wind throw and bag worms
-
- Ilex opaca (opaque leaves)
- Aquifoliaceae; American holly
- Fruit: drupe (red)
- dioecious
- song birds
- dense wood, white in color
- furniture inlays, landscaping
-
dark ridged bark w/ purple hue(?)
large pinnately compound leaf 11-115 leaflets
stripped rachis may hang around on ground in fall/winter
leaf scar=monkey face
- Juglans nigra (black)
- Juglandaceae; black walnut
- *Fruit: nut
- chocolate brown heartwood
- gunstocks, furn, electronic equip. cabinets, knick-knacks
- prices have dropped recently as consumers demand lighter-colored wood.
- Highest quality wood produced in lower Ohio River Valley
- humans eat nuts
-
small understory tree
bark finely ridged/shaggy
leaf alt. simple, doubly serrate, slightly pubescent on top (unlike smooth Carpinus)
leaf veins sometimes branched
nutlet bracts form sac around nutlet
- Ostrya virginiana (of VA)
- Betulaceae; ironwood
- *Fruit: nutlet
- wood very dense
- splitting wedges, prybars
-
- Platanus occidentalis (western)
- Platanaceae (Sycamore family); sycamore
- *Fruit: achene
- formerly planted for pulpwood
- some people allergic to leaf hairs
-
herbaceous, evergreen, small lobe on leaf base
- Polystichum acrostichoides (similar to Acrostichum - another fern)
- Aspideaceae; Christmas fern
- reproduces by spores
- ruffed grouse eat in winter
-
leaves alt, simple, entire, shiny
thorns
- Pyrus calleryana
- Rosaceae; Callery pear
- Fruit: pome
- native to Korea, China
- introduced to research fire blight resistance in fruit pears
- wild parent of Bradford pear
- becoming invasive in old pastures
-
wettest site oak
wide open sinuses near leaf base
acorn cap nearly covers nut
- Quercus lyrata (lyre-shaped)
- Fagaceae; overcup oak
- *Fruit: nut (germinate in SPRING!)
- low commercial value
- wood difficult to dry
- many trees have ring shake (where growth rings separate)
- acorns germinate in SPRING
-
leaves obovate (spatulate)
red oak, but no bristles on adult leaves
ski trails
- Quercus nigra (black)
- Fagaceae; water oak
- formerly planted for pulpwood production (pulp now from brazil)
- landcaping
-
tall, excurrent.
leaves linear, parallel w/ bristle tip
deciduous
- Quercus phellos (Greek for cork oak)
- Fagaceae; willow oak
- *Fruit: nut
- landscaping
- use same as water oak
-
very water tolerant
scaly bark/deeply furrowed
bark layered (tan-white-tan...)
leaves doubly serrate, oblique base
smooth adults, scabrous juveniles
samara pubescent
red/brown bud and twig
- Ulmus americana(of America)
- Ulmaceae; American elm
- *fruit: samara
- fruit mature in spring
- steam bent furn and wagon wheels
- best staves for slack cooperage
- Dutch elm disease
-
- Ulmus rubra (red)
- red elm
- *Fruit: samara (not hairy)
- mucilaginous phloem (inner bark)
- fruit matures in spring
- Dutch Elm Disease
-
shrub
leaves opp, serrate, tiny stipules at base
soft white fuzzy underside
- Viburnum rafinesquianum (named for french botanist)
- Adoxaceae; downy arrowwood
- fruit: drupe (black)
- twigs used for arrows
- wildlife eat fruit in winter
-
Southwest pine
 
- Pinus edulis (edible i.e. seeds)
- Pinaceae; pinyon
- *Cone: flat scale
- common tree of Woodland Zone in SW
- large seeds eaten by songbirds, humans
- "pine nuts"
-
possibly most wide-ranging tree
 
- Populus tremuloides (similar to another aspen)
- Salicaceae; quaking aspen
- fruit: capsule
- regenerates from root sprouts
- browsed by deer, moose, cattle, sheep
- beavers eat phloem
- wood used for paper and match sticks
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