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Chapter 46 Animal Sensory Systems and Movement
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Pheromone
signal b/w individuals that causes a change in behavior or physiology
How can animals sense a change in the environment?
1.
transduction
- conversion of external stimulus to an internal signal through action potential
2. amplification of signal
3. transmit to central nervous system
4.
integration
- processing with other signals
nociceptors
sense danger/harmful stimuli
thermoreceptors
sense changes in temp
mechanoreceptors
sense distortion caused by touch or pressure
chemoreceptors
perceive different types of molecules
photoreceptors
sense wavelengths of light
electroreceptors
sense electric field (only sometimes present)
Electric potential
"voltage"
created when plasma membrane separates charges
depolarized
inside of cell has become more positive
in hair cells, causes an inflow of calcium ions, triggering an increase in amount of neurotransmitter released at synapse
hyperpolarized
cause inside cell to become more negative
How do sensory receptors work?
They depolarize according to the loudness of the sound (louder the sound, the higher the firing rate of action potentials)
How does the brain distinguish between the different electrical signals?
cells highly specific to a certain type of information
sensory neurons send their signals to certain parts of the brain only
hearing
ability to sense wavelength changes in air pressure
depends on # of waves (
frequency
)
different frequencies =
pitches
statocyst
found in crabs
fluid-filled organ with calcium-rich structure that senses pressure due to gravity
How do sensory cells react to pressure?
direct phys pressure conforms the ion channel (either making it hyperpolarize or depolarize)
leads to new action potential from sensory neuron
stereocilia
stiff outgrowths that comprise
hair cells
when pressure is applied, the stereocilia lean and opens up a pathway for the ions to enter
kinocilium
9+2 arrangement of microtubules
part of hair cells
3 parts of mammalian ear
outer ear
middle ear
inner ear
all separated by a membrane
outer ear
funnels sound into ear canal
Author
Anonymous
ID
48170
Card Set
Chapter 46 Animal Sensory Systems and Movement
Description
Chapter 46 Animal Senses/Mvt (Freeman)
Updated
2010-11-08T21:30:25Z
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