micro renal modified

• E. coli
• Staphylococcus saphrophyticus
• S. epidermidis
• Proteus
• Klebsiella
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Enterococcus
• Enterobacter

• Staphylococcus aureus
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Renal TB)

• Gram + cocci, Catalase +, Coagulase -
• Novobiocin resistant
• 2nd leading cause of community-acquired UTI in sexually active women
• More commonly associated with localized cystitis

• Gram + cocci, Catalase +, Coagulase -
• Novobiocin sensitive
• Capsule, Part of normal flora that are inoculated to an internal site by adhering to inserted medical devices.
• UTI in immunocompromised

Enterobacteriaceae. Gram - rod. Often nosocomial and drug resistant“ICU bug”

• Gram - rod. Lactose fermenter. Gas formation.
• Capsule, Endotoxin, Large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
• Can cause emphysematous UTIs, especially in diabetics

• Gram -, Oxidase +, Non-lactose fermenting, Motile, Ubiquitous, Endotoxin, Flagella, Pili, Capsule
• Exotoxin A (ETA) disrupts protein synthesis by blocking peptide chain elongation in eukaryotic cells
• Antibiotic resistance

blue green pigment, fruity odor

• Gram + cocci in short chains. Non, α-, or rarely β-hemolytic.
• Can grow in high concentrations of NaCl and bile salts.
• Adhesin proteins, hemolytic and proteolytic proteins
• Resistant to antibiotics
• Important nosocomial pathogen. Skin of hospitalized pts who have been treated w/ broad-spectrum antibiotics

• UTI: Dysuria and pyuria most commonly in hospitalized patients with an indwelling urinary catheter and receiving broad spectrum antibiotics
• Peritonitis
• Endocarditis

• Blood agar, chocolate agar
• Resistant to optochin (Strep pneumoniae is susceptible)
• Does not dissolve in bile (S pneumoniae dissolves)
• PYR positive (L-pyrrolidonyl arylamidase) (only S. pyogenes is PYR positive)

adenovirus. Nonenveloped, DS linear DNA virus

• Sx w/in 1-2 wks after exposure. Headaches, back & ab pain, fever, chills, nausea, blurred vision.
• Flushing of face, inflamm or redness of eyes, rash.
• Later sx: low BP, acute shock, vascular leakage, acute kidney failure --> severe fluid overload.
• Complete recovery can take weeks or months

Fever, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle pain, and erythroderma. Desquamation of palms and soles if infected by staph aureus (1-2 wks after illness)

• Gram - diplococci. Aerobic. Oxidase +
• Pili- Pilin proteins- antigenically diverse Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)
• IgA protease

• Usually in young caucasian men; HLA-B27 related illness. Urethritis, conjunctivitis, polyarthritis, and mucocutaneous lesions.
• Most have evidence of preceding or concurrent infection with C. trachomatis