an annual tax that formerly had to be paid in some southern state by anyone wishing to vote
poll tax
provision that exempts certain people from a law on the basic of previously existing circumstances
grandfather clause
Landscape architect, movement for planned urban parks
Fredrick Law Olmsted
prominent African American educator
Booker T Washington
intitute
W.E.B. Du Bois
novelist and humorist inspired host of young authors
Mark Twain
20th century American artists who painted realistic pictures of city life
Ashcan School
purchased New York Morning Journal in 1895
William Randolph Hearst
Hungarian immagrant
Joseph Pulitazn
laws enacted by SOuthern State and local gov to separate white and black people in public and private facilities
JimCrow laws
founded in 1881, led by Booker T washington to equip African Americans with teaching diplomas and useful skills in the trades and agriculture
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute
developed a series of more convenient alternatives to the heavy glass plates
George Eastman
bicycle manufactors from Ohio
Orville and Wilbur Wright
slavery born, teacher faught against lynching
Ida b. Wells
free gov delivery of mail and packages to homes in rural areas begun in 1896
rural free delivery (RFD)
system in which workers are bound in servitude until their debts are paid
debt peonage
an 1896 case where the supreme court ruled that separation of the races in public accommodations was legal, thus establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine
Plessy V. Ferguson
separation of the people on the basis of race
segregation
started sky-scrapers
Louis Sullivan
designed 285-foot tower in 1902
Daniel Burnham
founded by W.E.B. Du Bois in 1905 to promote the education of African Americans in the liberal arts