Chap 11 Terminology.txt

Mineral salts (sodium, potassium and calcium) that carry an electrical charge in solution

Fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli of the kidney

Products of cellular metabolism that contains nitrogen

Sequence of rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow

Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity

Liquid portion of blood, composed primarily of water (90%) and containing dissolved proteins, nutrients, lipids, and various waste products

Fluid containing sperm and secretions from the prostate and other structures of the male reproductive system; also called seminal fluid

Androgenic hormone responsible for the development of the male sex organs, including the penis, testicles, scrotum and prostate

area between the scrotum (or vulva for the female) and anus

absence of urine production or urinary output

Retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds (urea, creatinine and uric acid) in the blood; also called uremia

Blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra

Renal failure that occurs over a period of years, in which the kidneys lose their ability to maintain volume and composition of body fluids with normal dietary intake

Painful or difficult urination, commonly described as a "burning sensation" while urinating.

Condition in which kidney function is permanently lost

Involuntary discharge of urine; also called incontinence

Diurnal enuresis

Nocturnal enuresis

Abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another

Voiding urine at regular intervals

Involuntary delay in initiating urination

Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract

Loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin by way of urine due to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane

Excessive or frequent urination after going to bed

Diminished capacity to form and pass urine, resulting in inefficient excretion of the end products of metabolism

Inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys

Feeling of the need to void immediately

Disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually due to impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter.

Abnormal dilation fo the renal pelvis and the calyces or one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract.

Rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children

Congenital absence of one or both testes; also called anorchia or anorchism

Failure to form or ejaculate semen

Inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis

Malformation in which the urethra opens on the dorsum of the penis

Repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse

Accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike cavity, especially the testes and associated structures

Developmental anomaly in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis or, in extreme cases, on the perineum

Stenosis or narrowing of preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis

Inability to produce offspring; in the male, inability to fertilize the ovum

Swelling and distention of veins of the spermatic cord

Screening test that assesses the rectal wall surface for lesions or abnormally firm areas that might indicate cancer

Measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra

Self-examination of the testes for abnormal lumps or swelling in the scrotal sac.

Endoscopy of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growths and removal of polyps

Endoscopy of the kidney(s) using a specialized, three-channel endoscope that enables visualization and irrigation of the kidney

Endoscopy of the urethra using a specialized endoscope, \ypically for lithotripsy or TURP

Test that determines the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, present in a blood sample

Test that determines the causative organism of a disease and how the organism responds to various antibiotics

Blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostatic cancer.

Test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterlization after a vasectomy

Battery of tests performed on a urine specimen including physical observation, chemical tests and microscopic evaluation

Imaging technique that torates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

Radiographic examination of the urinary bladder using a contrast medium

Procedure that assesses volume and pressure in the bladder at various stages of filling using saline and a contrast medium introduced into the bladder through a catheter

Radiographic examination of the kidneys and urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium; also called excretory urography (EU)

Radiographic examination to determine the location, size and shape of the kidneys in relationship to other organs in the abdominopelvic cavity and to identify abnormalities of the urinary system

Raciology test in which radioactive materials called tracers are introduced into the patient and a specialized, which acts as a radiation detector, produces images by recording the emitted tracers

Radiograph that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) and displays the reflected echoes on a monitor; also called sonography, echography, or echo

Radiological examination of the bladder and urethra performed before, during and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging

Medical procedure used to filter toxic substances from the patient's bloodstream, such as excess electrolytes and nitrogenous wastes.

Method of removing waste substances from the blood by shunting it from the body, passing it through an artificial kidney machine where it is filtered, and then returning the dialyzed blood to the patient's body

Removal of toxic substances from the body by perfusing the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution

Removal of all or part of the foreskin or prepuce of the penis

Fixation of a floating of mobile kidney

Removal of one or both testes; also called orchiectomy

Surgical procedure that involves inserting a resectoscope into the urethra to "chip away" at the prostate gland to remove the obstruction and flushing out the chips and sending them for analysis to detect possible evidence of cancer

Incision of a urethral stricture

Excision of all or a segment of the vas deferens

Normal sexual drive

The branch of medicine concerned with male and female urinary disorders and diseases of the male reproductive system

The branch of medicine concerned specifically with diseases of the kidney, electrolyte imbalance, renal transplantation, and dialysis therapy.

• most common forms of kidney disease
• also called kidney infection or complicated urinary tract infection

white blood cells

the microscopic examination of urine showing large quantities of bacteria

Red blood cells

any condition that causes the glomerular walls to become inflamed

Blood in the urine

Protein in the urine

High blood pressure

Stone

Stones in the urinary tract

• Kidney stones
• Formed with dissolved urine salts begin to solidify

Throbbing pain

Calculi are pulverized using concentrated ultrasound waves directed at the stones from a machine outside the body.

Stone Removal. A small incision in the skin and creating a small opening in the kidney. A nephroscope is inserted into the kidney to locate and remove the stones

scope is passed through the urethra and bladder and into the ureter where the basket collects the stone. for larger stones, it may be necessary to break them into smaller pieces, using an endoscope fitted with a laser beam.

Bladder infection

Kidney infection

Surgical removal of the entire prostate through the perineum

Surgical removal of the entire prostate through an abdominal opening above the pubis and directly over the bladder

Procedure for removing only a portion of the prostate. A resectoscope is inserted through the urethra and a small loop "chips away" some of the obstructing tissue.

Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac prior to birth.

Surgical procedure to suspend the testes into the scrotum

Suture of a hernia; usually accompanies orchiopexy

• The tubular portion of the nephron is injured by:
• (1) decrease in blood supply (ischemic ATN)
• (2) ingestion of toxic chemicals (nephrotoxic ATN)

Scanty urine production

increased blood levels of calcium

The application of extreme cold which results in the destruction of prostate tissue

Surgical removal of the entire prostate

• Destruction of malignant tissue by placing radioactive "seeds" directly into the tissue
• Also called internal radiation therapy

The admn of antiandrogenic agents as well as hormones that deplete the body of testicular hormones

Surgical removal of the testes

Loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin by way of urine due to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane

Destruction of tissue by means of long high frequency electric sparks

An instrument used to resection the prostate gland through the urethra

Pert to an operation performed through the urethra

Surgical instrument used to insert into the urethra to locate the stricture and literally stretch it open to allow the passage of urine. Thus was born the urethral "sound" which takes it name from the Latin subordinate, to submerge to measure the depth of.

• (1) Any cuplike organ or cavity
• (2) A cuplike extension of the renal pelvis that encloses the papilla of a renal pyramid; urine from the papillary duct is emptied into it
• Plural - Calyces

• (1) Caudal, Dorsal, Posterior all mean the same; back
• (2) the incision of a duct or organ, esp of the bladder for removal of a stone

Exam of the body using a fluoroscope. Provides real time images of moving objects or to visualize the movement of needles or catheters when they are placed inside the body