ABSITE ch 43 pediatric surg.txt

foregut structures

midgut structures

hindgut structures

definition of low birth weight

definition of premature

#1 cause of childhood death

pediatric trauma bolus

best indicator of shock in pediatric patients

umbilical vessels

rule of maintenance IVF in pediatrics

lung tissue with systemic arterial supply and either systemic venous or pulmonary vein drainage

intralobar pulmonary sequestration: more typical venous drainage pattern is:

extralobar pulmonary sequestration: more typical venous drainage pattern is:

disease where cartilage fails to develop in bronchi, leading to air trapping with expiration

lobes most commonly affected by congenital lobar emphysema (2)

Structure that communicates with airway, and has poorly-developed alveolar structures

Extrapulmonary cysts formed from bronchial tissue and cartilage wall

Treatment of congenital cystic adenoid malformation

Treatment of bronchiogenic cyst

Most common mediastinal tumor in children

Symptoms of mediastinal masses

Most common anterior mediastinal tumors (4)

Most common middle mediastinal tumors (3)

Most common posterior mediastinal tumors (3)

Risks of choledochal cysts (4)

Fusiform dilation of entire CBD, mildly dilated common hepatic duct, normal intrahepatic ducts

Treatment of Type I choledochal cyst

A true diverticulum off of the CBD

Treatment of Type II choledochal cyst

Dilation of distal intramural CBD involving sphincter of Oddi

Treatment of type III choledochal cyst

Multiple cysts, both intrahepatic and extrahepatic

Treatment of type IV choledochal cyst

Intrahepatic cysts with hepatic fibrosis; aka Caroli's disease

Most common reason for lymphadenopathy in children

Causes of chronic lymphadenopathy in children (2)

Lymphangioma in lateral cervical and submandibular regions in neck predisposed to infection

Which side is more likely to have congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Morbidity of CDH

Most common CDH, located posteriorly on the left

Rare CDH located anteriorly

Failure of diaphragm to fuse

Internal caving of the sternum, repaired if causing respiratory symptoms for emotional distress

Pigeon chest deformity; repaired for emotional distress

Cyst near angle of mandible; may connect with externial auditory canal and often associated with facial nerve

cyst on anterior border of SCM muscle; goes through carotid bifurcation into tonsillar pillar

most common branchial cleft cyst

cyst on lateral neck

treament of branchial cleft cyst

remnant of descent of thyroid gland from foramen cecum

midline cervical mass that moves with swallowing

treatment of thyroglossal duct cyst

treatment of hemangiomas

most common solid abdominal malignancy in children

most common location of neuroblastoma

diagnostic studies for neuroblastoma

tumor derived from neural crest cells that is common in the abdomen in children

potential metastases of neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor (2)

treatment of neuroblastoma

stage III neuroblastoma

stage II neuroblastoma

typically asymptomatic mass that can also present with hematuria or HTN

Main prognostic factor for Wilms tumor

Hemihypertrophy, cryptorchidism, Drash syndrome and aniridia

Treatment of Wilms tumor

Stage I Wilms tumor

Stage II Wilms tumor

Stage III Wilms tumor

Stage IV Wilms tumor

Stage V Wilms tumor

Most common pediatric malignant liver tumor

Tumor marker for hepatoblastoma

Histology of hepatoblastoma with best prognosis

Treatment of hepatoblastoma

Most common overall children's malignancy

Most common class of solid tumor in children

Most common general surgery tumor in children

Most common general surgery tumor in children under 2

Most common cause of duodenal obstruction in newborns

Most common cause of duodenal obstruction after the newborn period

Most common cause of colonic obstruction in children

Most common lung tumor in children

Most common cause of painful lower GI bleed in children

Most common cause of painless lower GI bleed in children

Most common cause of upper GI bleed in children <1year (2)

Most common cause of upper GI bleed in children >1 year to adult (2)

Structure that is a persistant remnant of the vitelline duct

3-12 week old male with projectile vomiting and olive mass: diagnosis?

Metabolic derangement in pyloric stenosis

Currant jelly stools and sausage mass in 3month-3 year old: diagnosis?

Common intussusception lead points in children (3)

Initial treatment for intussusception

Max pressure with air-contrast enema (or column height)

newborn with bilious emesis, distension, and lack of meconium: diagnosis?

Cause of intestinal atresia

% of patients with duodenal atresia who also have Down's syndrome

double bubble sign on xray: diagnosis

treatment of duodenal atresia

proximal esophageal atresia (blind pouch) with distal TE fistula

Most common type of TEF

Esophageal atresia with no fistula

TEF not associated with atresia; most likely to present in adulthood

VACTERL: define

Treatment of TE fistula

Complications of TE fistula repair (5)

Sudden onset of bilious vomiting in child: diagnosis?

Failure of normal counterclockwise 270 degree rotation of small bowel, predisposing to infarction

Diagnostic finding in UGI for malrotation

Treatment of malrotation

Symptoms of type C TE fistula (4)

Distal ileal obstruction at birth, causing abdominal distension, bilious vomiting and distended bowel loops. Common in CF

Initial treatment of meconium ileus

Bloody stool after first feeding in premature infant: diagnosis?

Risk factors for NEC (6)

Xray findings in NEC (3)

Mortality of NEC

congenital anomaly presenting with meconium in urine or vagina

imperforate anus above levators, with meconium in urine or vagina

imperforate anus below levators

morbidity associated with imperforate anus

congenital anomaly occurring when there is intrauterine rupture of umbilical vein

treatment of gastroschisis and omphalocele

congenital anomaly with bowel exposed to amniotic fluid/air with no sac

failure of embryonal development, causing a midline defect

Cantrell pentalogy of defects

More often associated with congenital anomalies: gastroschisis or omphalocele

Most common presenting sign for Hirschprung's

Diagnostic test for Hirschprung's

Failure of neural crest cells to progress in craniocaudal fashion in the bowel

Surgical treatment of Hirschprungs

Failure of closure of linea alba

Persistent processus vaginalis

Most common side for pediatric hernia

Occurrence of bilateral inguinal hernias in pediatric population

most common cause of neonatal jaundice requiring surgery

histologic findings of biliary atresia

surgical treatment for biliary atresia

Time frame within which Kasai must be performed to avoid irreversible liver damage

tumor markers for teratoma

Most common location for teratoma in neonates

Treatment of neonatal teratoma

Treatment for undescended testes

Hypoplasia of abdominal wall, urinary tract abnormalities, bilateral cryptorchidism

Most common cause of airway obstruction in infants

Symptoms of laryngomalacia

Obstruction of choanal opening by bone or mucus membrane

Treatment of choanal atresia

Most common tumor of the pediatric larynx

Probable cause of laryngeal papilloma