SRB Lab Midterm

• >5 mm = medical emergency.
• Generally increasing 2mm/ year.
• Calcification in relation to the (hemi)diaphragm:
• -Above: descending thoracic aorta.
• -Below: abdominal aorta.
• Use 3 dots to outline the aneurysm.
• 50% of plain film radiographs will not show aneurisms.
• Three signs of rupture:
• 1. Severe pain: lower abdomen, flank, LB.
• 2. Tachycardia: 200+ beats/min.
• 3. Sharp drop in BP.
• Below the junction of L4/L5 = common iliac A.

• Geographic lesion.
• Monostotic: one bone, benign.
• Polyostotic: 2+ bones.
• -proximal femur & ilium on same side = more likely to be malignant.

• Found in children.
• Commonly in the posterior spine.
• Expansile.

See 3 sacral N's on one side, should see 3 on the other side...

• Avascular necrosis...
• Obliterated Kholer's Teardrop...
• Chondrocalcinosis: cartilage calcification.
• Femoral A calcification...
• Shepard's Crook: greater trochanter level with femoral head, results from all bone softening diseases.
• Calcification of the ALL: not to be mistaken with intercalary bone (composed of disc material which is not attached).
• Phleboliths: concretions in veins... clinically insignificant.
• Bridging osteophyte.
• Splenic A calcification.

• Form of vascular (ischemic, asceptic, osseous) necrosis.
• Cassion's Disease...

• Agenessis/pedicle.
• Decreased definition of iliac crest with multiple lesions.

• Cortical thickening = increased size & opaque.
• Coarsened trabeculation: coarsening/trabeculae. "Trabecular Ascentuation).
• -Unilateral: US & Canada.
• -Bilateral: Europe, Australia, etc.
• Window appearance: squared & oblong.
• Shepard's Crook: similar to a cane... bowing of femur.
• Obliterated Kholer's Teardrop ("Brim Sign").

• Posterior element of the spine.
• Compare bilaterally.
• Soap bubble lesion.
• Larger & rounder SP.

• Normal: 2.5-3mm.
• Due to transverse ligament damage or rupture = C1/C2 instability.

• Posterior atlantao-dental interval: <18mm = spinal stenosis.
• Anterior soft tissue space between C7 & tetrotracheal line: <22 mm.
• Space between ant. C2 & retropharyngeal line: <7mm.
• -greater due to: blood, edema, infection/abscess, SOL.

• 4+ continuous segments without narrowing of the disc space, & without posterior joint fusion.
• 20% have undiscovered diabetes.

Calcification of the stylohyoid ligament + excruciating pain = CN encroachment associated with ringing of the ears.

• 1. Eye pain.
• 2. Head pain.
• 3. Jaw pain.
• 4. Ear pain.
• 5. Neck pain.
• 6. Throat pain.

• Thin end plates = chronic fracture (>6 weeks).
• Should disappear within 4-6 weeks in adults, 2 weeks in children.

• Shoulders, wrist, ankle, knee, SI-joint.
• Asymptomatic, clinically insignificant.

• Snow capping: increased opacity at the upper part of the femoral head.
• Radiolucencies in the femoral head.
• Crescent sign: thin pencil line of radiolucency in close proximity to the top of the femur head.

• H-shaped vertebral body.
• End plates = cod fish vertebrae.

• Almost always on the right side, anterior to the spine.
• Confirmed by lateral film.
• May develop into cancer.

Elongated TP: lateral to margin of T1.

Malignant soft tissue tumors.

• Pain disease.
• Manifests as sclerosis of end points of SP's.

• Soap bubble lesion.
• Longer than it is wide.
• Eccentric.
• Loculations: spaces (within tumor).

• Severely degenerated disc.
• Vaccum phenomenon: dark like with migratory opacity.

• Under the anterior arch of C1.
• Due to auto accident.
• Self resolving condition within 3-4 weeks.
• Accompanied by pain.

• May bleed.
• 25% women.

• Area of ilium that is increased in opacity.
• Somewhat triangular.
• Bilateral.
• Women that have been pregnant 2+ times.

• 1. Psoriatic arthritis.
• 2. Rieter's Syndrome (reactive arthritis).

• Present in individuals that have gone deep sea diving.
• Results in nitrogen bubbles within the blood vessels.
• Winds up as infarcts in the bone marrow.