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Ketogenic vs Glucogenic amino acids
- Ketogenic- Leu and Lys are degraded to Acetyl-CoA
- Glucogenic- Ile, Phe, Tyr, and Trp
- Glucogenic- all others
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7 products of amino acid catabolism
- Oxaloacetate
- a-ketoglutarate
- pyruvate
- fumarate
- succinyl CoA
- Acetyl CoA
- Acetoacetate
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One carbon metabolism contain the following 3
THF, AdoMet, and biotin
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Tetrahydrofolate is the reduced form of ______.
Folic acid
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N5 is the attachment site of ______
N10 is the attachment site of _____ and_______.
- Methyl
- formyl and formino-methylene
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SAM serves as a precursor for most ____ _____ reactions.
methyl transfer
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Methyl group transfer from AdoMet to _______ acceptor is _______.
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_________ methyltransferase catalyzes the transfer for resynthesis of methionine. it is a ___ cofactor.
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Serines 2 pathways are
- 3-phosphoglycerate
- glycine
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Deficient phenylalanine dehydroxylase leads to the genetic disease ________. If caught early the addition of _______ and restriction of phenylalanine from diet can minimize retardation.
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characteristics of albinism
- Defective process- melanin synthesis from tyrosine
- defective enzyme- tyrosinase
- Symptoms- lack of pigmentation, white hair, pink skin
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Alkaptoneuria
- Defective process- tyrosine degradation
- D. enzyme- homogentisate dioxygenase
- Symptoms- dark pigment in urine, later develop arthritis
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Phenylketonuria
- D. Process- conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine
- D. enzyme- phenylalanine hydroxylase
- Symtoms- neonatal vomiting, retardation.
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Niacin is a precursor for ____ or ____
NAD and NADP
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Tryptophan is a precursor for ____ and _____
Niacin and serotonin
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Tyrosine is a precursor for ___ ____ and _____
- Thyroid hormone
- Catecholamine
- Melanin
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Glutamine is a precursor for
GABA
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Transamination of a-keto acids requires _____ _____
Pyridoxal phosphate
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amidation is an __________ process.
Irreversible
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synthesis from other amino acids is _________.
Irreversible
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