-
Fear can be a...
- fxn and dysfxn
- physical and phsycological
- appraisals can change the way you experience fear
-
Fear vs. anxiety
much overlap but the diff might be:
- fear:escape to avoid threat
- anxiety:lacks clear enternal threat, may be undirected fear, may include other emotions as well
-
Biological preparedness
- come into the world to be predisposed to fear certain stimuli
- need very little exposure to feel this fear
- not necessarily innate releasers (min. exposure to environment)
- need min expo. –> quickly learn fear
-
Rheus Monkey Study (Mineka)
- Study 1 Results: strong fear to snake-like objects
- Study 2 Results: Monkeys learned to be scared at a fear-relevant stimuli and NOT to the fear-irrelevant stimuli
-
Conclusion fo Mineka's study
- fear can be learned thru modeling and observational learning
- certain stimuli readily become feared
- pre-wired tendency may focus attention on relevant varaibles
-
Is agoraphobia a simple phobia?
NO
-
Is social anxiety a simple phobia?
NO
-
Simple phobia
- fear of particular object or situation (animals, heights, closed spaces)
- exposure of the stimuli almost ALWAYS produces fear
- fear varies with distance
-
When is it a disorder?
- causes severe distress
- markedly interferes with your life
-
Panic disorder with agoraphobia
- ppl with no apparent reason have panic attacks
- pounding heart, nausea, dizzyness, sweating
- dreading of somethingintense dread, terror
- suddent onset that lasts min.
-
when is a panic attach a disorder?
- at least 4 attacks in 4 weeks
- unpredictable onset of panic attacks
- not linked with specific stimuli or situation
-
what do ppl with PD w/ agoraphobia avoid?
- situations where they could not get help if attack occurs
- the escape would be socially embarrassing
- more common in females
-
Where does the initial unexpected attack usually occur?
- often in public, oftern under conditions of chronic anxiety
- fear further stimuli and avoid certain stimuli
-
social phobia
fear of behaving in an embarrassing fashion in front of others
-
when is it a phobia?
interferes with normal routine
-
Social phobia vs anxiety
- Social phobia ppl would rather go out if they know they will not see anyone
- Ppl with anxiety attacks fear not being with someone else
-
GAD
- excessive and unrealistic unrealistic worry and anxiety about 2 or more life circumstances
- occur more than 6 month period
-
Signs of GAD
- trembling
- sweating
- jittery
- restlessness
- shortness of breath
-
Limbic system
- thalamus
- amygdala
- hypothalamus
- hippocampus
-
Hypothalamus when intact or with lesions
- when intact: coordinated rage rxn in cats when provoked, organized rage display
- with lesions: unorganized rage rxn but still shows rage rxn
-
hippocampus is mostly involved
- with memory
- located in temporal lobe
-
LaDoux's dual pathways
- neuroanatomical support for 2 pathways
- high vs low road to emotional rxn
-
the "low road"
- emotional rxn precede cognitive analysis of N stimuli
- direct shorter path
- rough approximation due to speed
- crude info
-
the "high road"
- emotional rxn are based on apprasials
- takes longer
- override direct pathway
- detail accurate of world
-
Fear and the amygdala
- Amygdala not necessary for subject to feel fear
- necessary fir aversive conditioning
- cannot learn new fears
- also involved w/ recognition of fearful faces
|
|
