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What is glucose oxidation called?
cellular respiration
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What is the chief source of the body's energy?
cellular respiration
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Where does cellular respiration occur? In what cells do cellular respiration not occur?
Almost every cell of the body except red blood cells
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Why does cellular respiration not occur in RBCs?
they lack mitochondria
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How many chemical products are derived from the complete oxidation of glucose during cellular respiration? What are the products?
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How many stages are typically involved in the complete oxidation of glucose in the body? What are those stages?
- 4
- Glycolysis
- Formation of Acetyl Coenzyme A
- Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
- Electron Transport Chain
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What is the literal meaning of glycolysis?
sugar splitting
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Where does glycolysis occur?
in the cytoplasm (outside of the mitochondria)
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How many molecules of ATP are produced for each molecule of glucose in glycolysis?
2 net
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Two ATP molecules are required to start glycolysis by reducing 2 molecules of _______ to form 2 molecules of ________.
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How many carbon molecules are found in glucose?
6
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In glycolysis, what is a glucose molecule split into?
2 molecules of pyruvic acid
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How many carbon atoms are contained in a pyruvic acid molecule?
3
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Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?
anaerobic
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After pyruvic acid is produced, how many routes may if follow? What are those routes?
- 2
- pyruvic acid moves into the mitochondria >Formation of acetyl coenzyme A (aerobic)
- pyruvic acid remains outside the mitochondria and is consumed in the production of small amounts of ATP (anaerobic)
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What is the byproduct of anaerobic metabolism?
lactic acid
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How much ATP is produced under anaerobic conditions?
4 total (2) net
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Following glycolysis, what is the next aerobic pathway?
Formation of Acetyl Coenzyme A
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In the formation of acetyl coenzyme A, what is pyruvic acid converted into?
an acetyl group (2 carbons)
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what molecule combines with the acetyl group inside the mitochondria?
Coenzyme A
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How many pyruvate molecules are converted to acetyl coenzyme A for each glucose molecule?
2
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How many acetyl coenzyme A molecules are produced for each glucose molecule?
2
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During the formation of Acetyl Coenzyme A from a single glucose molecule, how many molecules of NAD+ are involved?
2
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What are the 2 molecules of NAD+ reduced to in forming acetyl coenzyme A?
2 NADH
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What is the byproduct in the formation of acetyl coenzyme A?
2 molecules of CO2
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How many molecules of CO2 are citric acid cycle byproducts?
4 CO2
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Is oxygen required in the formation of acetyl coenzyme A?
Yes, but it isn't consumed.
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Is the formation of acetyl coenzyme A considered aerobic or anaerobic?
aerobic
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Following the formation of acetyl coenzyme A, what is the next aerobic pathway?
Citric Acid Cycle
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