Neuro exam 3

It attacks the nerve cells controlling voluntary muscle. It starts in one part of the body then spreads to the rest of the body eventually causing respitory arrest from the neurons hardening. Its rapidly progressing but does not affect intellect. Pateint dies within 2-5 years.

Lou Gehrig's disease

The motor neurons

The cranial nerves

Its a benign neoplasm compression of cranial nerves V, VII, and VIII.

• Unilateral hearing loss
• balance disturbance
• HA
• fullness in the ear
• trigeminal neuralgia.

Alteration in muscle tone

Involuntary, random muscle contractions

Its damage to the extrapramital system that forces certain parts of the body into abnormal, sometimes painful movements or postures.

With and anticolinergic (Benadryl).

Refers to a sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.

• Infection
• Head or spinal cord injury
• Stroke, brain tumors
• Chemical or drug poisoning
• Prolinged O2 deprivation

• A disease or disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system.
• Spinal nerve root
• Cranial nerves
• Peripheral nerves

Its a congenital defect, caused by incomplete development of brain, spinal cord and/or protective coverings, there are 4 types.

• Occult (most common)
• Meningocele
• Myelomeningocele
• Encephalocele

• Most common form
• Best of the 4 types
• Spinal cord and surrounding structures reamain inside the baby
• Backbone doesnt form normally

Tuff of hair on the lower lumbar area.

• Moderate form
• Fluid filled sac outside the body with no cord or nerves in it.

• Severe form
• Outside the body sac with cord and nerves inside

• Weakness
• Loss of sensation below the defect
• Problems with bowel and bladder
• Often seen with Hydrocephalus

Protrusion through the skull

A group of disorders that involve:

• Motor impariment
• Prenatal period damage is most common
• Non-progressive

• Spastic paralysis
• Dyskinetic
• Ataxic
• Mixed

• Motor Cortex
• The most common form of CP
• Scissor walk
• Muscle tightness

• Basil Ganglia
• Abnormal movements
• Athetoid (slow involuntary muscle movement)
• Choreiform (rapid jerky movement)

• Cerebellum
• The least common
• Balance issues

• Sleered speech
• Enlarged ventricles
• tongue thrusting

• Most Common
• Temporary facial paralysis
• Inflammation of cranial nerve VII

• Bell's Palsy
• Trigeminal Neuralgia
• Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
• Acoustic Neuroma

• Usually sudden onset
• Mild weakness to total paralysis
• Twitching
• Facial drooping
• Ptosis (droopy eyelid)
• No pain

• The cannot wrinkle their eyebrows
• They cannot close their eyes

Can last for weeks to 6 months and is treated with antivirals.

Pain or irritation caused by damaged cranial nerve.

• Sensation or shooting pain to Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal nerve)
• Can effect nerves on left and right
• Goes away in a short period of time
• Divides into three branches (V1, V2, V3)
• Controls sensation in the face.

• Compression of cranial nerve IX
• Can be life threatning by putting pressure on brainstem
• Can cause an eating problem
• Last few seconds to minutes
• Rare

• Severe Pain of the tongue
• Throat
• Ear
• Tonsils

Tumor on the nerve cell

• Progressive neurologic disease
• Affects motor control (Basil Ganglia)
• Abnormally low concentration of Dopamine as compared to Acetylcholine

There is a low concentration of dopamine in comparison to Acetylcholine and since Dopamine is inhibitory there is overstimulation to the Basil Ganglia.

• Tremors (usually first symptom often in hands or arms, can occur in legs, feet or jaw)
• Shake at rest
• Rigidity
• Bradykinesia (slow movement)
• Micrographia (handwriting that gets progressively smaller)
• Problems Swallowing and drooling in later years

Duchenne and males

• Motor neuron disease-genetic
• progressive weakness
• degeneration of skeletal muscles
• Males get it Females carry it and pass it on
• Boys usually cannot walk by age 12

• Autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system
• Destruction of the CNS myelin
• Most common acquired disease of the nervous system in young adults
• Intellect is not affected

• Inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nerves
• Cause is unknown but there is damage to the myelin sheaths

• Progressive muscle weakness
• Can affect the ANS (Swallowing and respiration)

• Chronic autoimmune disorder with progressive skeletal muscle weakness
• Antibodies destroy ACh receptor sites at neuromuscular junctions and that prevents nerve impulses from reaching the muscle.
• Weakness and rapid fatigue in affected muscles