Nursing

7.35-7.45

35-45mmHg

80-100mmHg

23-27Meq/liter

135-145 mEq/L

3.5-5 mEq/L

1.3-2.3 mEq/L

97-107 mEq/L

22-30 mEq/L

2.5-4-5 mg/dL

Chief electrolyte of ECF - Regulates volume of body fluid - Cation

Cheif regulator of cellular enzymes and water content - Major ICF - Cation

Work together for electrical impulses and help with regulating acid base balance

Nerve impulses - blood clotting - muscle contraction

maintains osmotic pressure in blood

Primary Buffer System

For cell division and heredity traits

• Transports nutrients, hormones, enzymes, platelets, red and white blood cells.
• Facilitates cellular functioning
• Acts as solvent for electrolyes and non electrolytes
• Facilitates digestion
• Acts as tissue lubricant

• ICF = 70%
• ECF = 30% - ECF is Pericardial fluid, intraocular, sweat, digestive secretions, intravascular fluid.

• 50 - 60 % in healthy adult
• Infant up to 80%

• Ingested Liquids
• Food
• Metabolism

Substances that dissasociate into charged particles

+ charged particles

- charged particles

Liqiuds that hold a solute

Substances that are dissolved in a solution

Fluid that passes through membrane due to higher osmolarity until equlibrium is reached

Pulling force through a membrane

Equal molarity on both sides of membrane

Greater osmolarity than plasma(.9%)

Lesser osmolarity than plasma(.9%)

Movement of solutes in a solvent to lesser concentrations until equilibrium is reached.

Movement of solutes through a membrane to lesser concentrations with the use of ATP. "Flows uphill"

Passage of fluid through a membrane due to pressure.

Pushing force out of a venule

Pulling force through a membrane due to a greater pressure outside a venule.

• 180L per day
• 1.5 L per day

Retains sodium and calcium and water causes potassium to be excreted

Increases blood flow in the body leading to increased renal function and output

Regulates the level of calcium and phosphorus

Sense changes in ECF - Send signals to pituitary gland to release of inhibit ADH accoring to ECF fluid concentration

Lack of protein albumen. Binds to electrolytes. Helps maintain colloidal osmotic pressure. Lack of this protein can result in third space shift.

• 20:1
• Bicarbonate : Carbonic Acid

• Sodium Deficient or gain of water in the ECF.
• Fluid moves from ECF to ICF and causes cellular swelling.

Surplus of sodium in the ECF. Excess sodium or lack of water. ICF flows into ECF space causing cellular shrinkage and insufficient fluid.

• Lack of potassium in ECF.
• Common with electrolyte imbalance. Potassium moves from ICF to ECF causing lack of K in ICF.

Excess potassium in ECF. Occurs less than Hypokalemia and caridac irregularities can result.

Lack of calcium in ECF. Common signs are numbness and tingling in the fingers, muscle cramps and tetany.

Excess calcium in ECF. This is a true emergency due to the risk of caridac arrest. Cancer and hypothyroidism are causes.

Refers to magnesium deficit. May lead to heart block, change in mental status, respiratory paralysis.

Refers to a magnesium excess in the ECF. It can occur on the end stage of renal failure.

Below serum level concentration of phosphourus in the ECF>

Above serum levels of phospherous. Causes impaired kidney excretion and hypothyroidism.

High amounts of carbonic acid in the ECF due to decrease in alveolar ventilation.

Deficit of carbonic acid in the ECF. Result of alveolar hyperventilation.

Deficit of bicarbonate in teh ECF. Either by excess of acid or loss of bicarbonate

Associated with rise in bicarbonate and or dropping of acids in blood. The body attempts to compensate with raising of CO2. Breathing then will become shallow and completely stop.