Med Terms Chap. 6-Urinary

urination, voiding, micturition

study of urinary disorders

parenchymal tissue

thin, muscular tubes that move urine in peristaltic waves from the kidneys to the bladder

sac that stores urine until excreted

tube that conducts the urine out of the body

opening of the urethra

the triangular area in the bladder between the ureter's entrance and the urethral outlet

stromal tissue

outer portion of kidneys

inner part of kidneys

are an extension of the ureter in the side of the kidneys

pertaining to the kidnesy

location on the kidney where the ureter and renal vein leave the kidney and the renal artery enters

microscopic units of the cortex

transport unfiltered blood to the kidneys

tiny balls of renal capillaries

• 1. renal corpuscle
• 2. proximal convoluted tubule
• 3. nephronic lupe
• 4. distal convoluted tubule

outside

in

beside, near

backward

cavity containing pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

albumin in he urine. Also called proteinuria

condition of excessive urea in the blood indicating nonfunctioning kidneys; also called uremia

excessive nitrogenous compounds, including urea, in the urine

bacteria in the urine

accumulation of fluid in the tissues; can result from kidney failure

sugar in the urine

blood in the urine

condition of high blood pressure

pus in the urine

condition of no urine

condition of increased formation and excretion of urine, of large volumes of urine. Caffeine and alcohol are diuretics – that is they increase the amount of urine produced

condition of painful urination

also commonly known as “bed wetting” enuresis can be nocturnal or diurnal

inability to hold urine

condition of excessive urination at night

condition of scanty urination

condition of excessive thirst (usually accompanied by polyuria)

condition of excessive urination

inability to release urine

Intense sensation of the need to urinate immediately

Deficiency of antidiuretic (ADH) hormone, which causes the patient to excrete large quantities of urine and exhibit excessive thirst

• Metabolic disease caused by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin and characterized by hyperglycemia, glycosuria, water and electrolyte
• loss, ketoacidosis, and possible eventual coma

stones in the kidneys

• Inherited disorder characterized by an enlargement of the kidneys caused by many renal cysts bilaterally that reduce functioning of renal
• tissue

severe pain associated with kidney stones lodged in the ureter. The term “colic” means pain

• infection anywhere in the urinary system, caused most commonly by bacteria, but also parasites, yeast, and protozoa. Most frequently occurring
• disorder in the urinary system

stones anywhere in the urinary tract, but usually in the renal pelvis or urinary bladder. Usually formed in patients with an excess of the mineral calcium. Also called urinary calculi

the presence of bacteria in the blood caused by a UTI

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney characterized by proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urine production, and edema

dilation of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kindeys resulting from obstruction of the flow of urine

inflammation of the kidney; a general term that does not specify the location of the inflammation or its cause.

Disease of he kidneys; a general term that does not specify a disorder

Prolapse of sagging of the kidney

Abnormal group of symptoms in the kidney, characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema; may occur in glomerular disease and as a complication of many systemic diseases. Also called nephrosis

Infection of the renal pelvis and parenchyma of the kidney, usually the result of lower urinary tract infection

Inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and conserve electrolytes. Maybe acute or chronic

Sudden inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, resulting from hemorrhage, trauma, burns, toxic, injury to the kidney, pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis, or lower urinary tract obstruction. Characterized by oliguria and rapid azotemia

• CKD is measured in stages of increasing severity, from 1 (mild damage with a normal glomerular filtration rate) to 5 (complete kidney failure requiring
• either dialysis or a renal transplant). Stage 5 is also called end- stage renal disease (ESRD).

High Blood pressure secondary to kidney disease.

Hardening of the arteries of the kidneys. Also known as nephrosclerosis

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Herniation of the urinary bladder

Prolapse of the terminal end o the ureter into the bladder.

Narrowing of the urethra. Also called a urethral stricture

Inflammation of the urethra

Abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder to the ureter.

Small, slow growing noncancerous tumors of the kidney, usually found at autopsy

The most common benign solid renal tumor.

Also referred to as a bladder papilloma. Although this type of tumor is benign when found, recurrences are occasionally malignant

• Also referred to as hypernephroma or adenocarcinoma of the kidney, this is the tenth most
• common cancer. Although the cause is unknown, risk factors include smoking and obesity

• Also called Wilms tumor, thee tumors develop from kidney cells that did not develop fully before a childs birth. These cancerous tumors of the kidney
• occur mainly in children.

These malignant tumors account for approximately 90% of all bladder cancers and arise from the cell lining the bladder

Blood test that measures the amount of nitrogenous waste in the circulatory system; an increased level is an indicator of kidney dysfunction

Test of kidney functions that measures the rate which nitrogenous waste is removed from the blood by comparing its concentration in the blood and urine over a 24 hour period

The amount f blood that s filtered by the glomeruli of the kidneys. The rate is decreased when the kidneys are dysfunctional

Visual examination of the bladder and urethra, often with a biopsy of the ureter

Radiographic imaging of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder without a contrast medium

sectional radiographic exam of the kidneys

Radiographing imaging of the urinary bladder and urethra done with a contrast medium while patient is urinating

Taking a piece of tissue for a microscopic study. A closed biopsy is done by an endoscopy of aspiration (by suction through a fine needle).

Visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

• Hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel, organ, or cavity of the body to withdraw or instill fluid, monitor types of the body to
• withdraw or instill fluid monitor types of various information, and visualize a vessel or cavity

instrument for visual examination of the inside of the bladder

Type of endoscope, consisting of illuminated tube with an optical system, inserted through the abdominal wall fir examining the peritoneal cavity

A machine that is used to crush stones, especially in ESWL

Instrument used to crush calculus in the urinary bladder; fragments may then be expelled or washed out

• – Fiberoptic instrument used specifically for the disintegration and removal of renal calculi; an ultrasonic prove emitting high- frequency sound
• waves breaks up the calculi, which are removed my suction through the scope

Tubular devices for supporting hollow structures during surgical anastomosis or for holding arteries open after angioplasty

Type of hydrometer used to measure the specific gravity (SG) of a urine sample, also known as a urometer

channel, pipe or tube that guides urine from urteres to the ileum in the digestive system to be excreted through the large intestines (aka ureteroilestomy)

• Process of crushing stones either to prevent or clean an obstruction in the urinary system; crushing may be done manually, by high-energy shock waves,
• or by pulsed dye laser. In each case the fragments maybe expelled naturally or washed out. Use of shock is termed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

restriction of the kidney

incision of the kidney for removal or a kidney stone.

suspension of a fixation of the kidney

removal of a stone from the kidney through a preexisting nephrostomy

Opening made n the kidney so that a catheter can be inserted

incision of the kidney

Any procedure conducted through the urethra

Destruction of the adhesions of the urethra

Incision of the urinary bladder.

• Process of diffusing blood across a semipermeable membrane to remove substances that a healthy kidney would eliminate, including poisons, drugs,
• urea, uric acid, and creatine.

• Type of renal dialysis in which an indwelling catheter in the abdomen permits fluid to drain into and out of the peritoneal cavity to cleanse the
• blood.

Type of renal dialysis that cleanses the blood by shunting it from the body through a machine for diffusion and ultrafiltraion and then returning it to the patients circulation.

Surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient.