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Cerebral cortex
Part of the brain that is the site of the conscious mind; enables self-awareness, communication, memory, understanding, and initiation of voluntary movements
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5 divisions of the cerebral hemispheres
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, insula
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Name the 4 motor areas of the cerebral cortex
- 1. Primary (somatic) motor cortex
- 2. Premotor cortex
- 3. Broca's area
- 4. Frontal eye field
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Primary motor cortex
Allows for conscious control of precise or skilled voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
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Premotor cortex
Controls learned motor skill of a repetitious or patterned nature (playing an instrument, typing, etc.)
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Broca's area
Motor speech area that directs muscles involved in speech production
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Frontal eye field
controls voluntary movement of the eyes
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The 8 sensory areas of the cerebral cortex
- 1. Primary somatosensory cortex
- 2. Somatosensory association cortex
- 3. Visual areas
- 4. Auditory areas
- 5. Olfactory cortex
- 6. Gustatory cortex
- 7. Visceral sensory area
- 8. Vestibular (equilibrium) cortex
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Primary somatosensory cortex
Receives information from somatic sensory receptors in the skin and from proprioceptors in skeletal muscles, joints, and tendon; responsible for spatial discrimination
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Somatosensory association cortex
Integrates sensory inputs (temperature, pressure, etc.) relayed to it via the primary somatosensory cortex to produce an understanding of the object being felt (size, texture, etc.)
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Visual areas
Receives visual information that originates on the retina
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Auditory areas
Interprets impulses of sound energy entering the inner ear as pitch, loudness, and location
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Olfactory cortex
Responsible for conscious awareness of odors
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Gustatory cortex
Involved in the perception of taste stimuli
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Visceral sensory area
Involved in conscious perception of visceral sensations (upset stomach, full bladder, etc.)
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Vestibular (equilibrium) cortex
Responsible for conscious awareness of balance
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