History Terms 8-11

Using simple equipment like picks, shoves, and pans.

Mining dug deep beneath the surface.

A vast area of grassland owned by the government.

Proved cattle could be driven north to the rail lines and sold for 10 times the price they could get in Texas.

Stray calves with no identifying symbols.

A tract of public land available for settlement.

To plant seeds deep in the ground where there was enough for them to grow.

Those who plowed the soil on the plains.

Single families bringing in substantial harvests.

Indians who roamed great distances, following buffalos.

Payments to reservation dwellers.

Absorbed.

Where families could be self-supporting.

The total value of all goods and services produced by a country.

"Let people do as they say."

People who risk their money in running a business.

Where the country was divided into four regions where the same time was kept.

A grant of land by the government especially for roads, railroads, or agricultural colleges.

An organization owned by many poeple but treated by law as it was a single person.

Where corporations make goods more cheaply because they produce so much so quickly using manufacture facilities.

Costs a company has to pay, whether or not it's operating.

Costs that occur when running a company, such as paying wages and shipping charges and buying materials.

Agreements to maintain prices of a certain level.

A company that owns all of the different businesses on which it depends for its operation.

When a single company achieves control of an entire market.

A new way of merging businesses that did not violate the laws against owning other companies

Does not produce anything itself, but owns the stock of companies that do produce goods

A rise in the value of money.

Unions limited to people with specific skills.

United all craft workers and common laborers in a particular industry.

To lock workers out of the property and refuse to pay them.

Argued that the basic force shaping capitalist society was the class struggle between workers and owners.

A process in which an impartial third party helps workers and management reach an agreement.

Compaies could only hire union members.

Combining many firms engaged in the same type of business into one large corporation.

The most basic and cheapest accommodations on a steamship.

A preference for native-born people and the desire to limit immigration.

Tall steel frame buildings

Dark and crowded multifamily apartments.

An informal political group designed to gain and keep power.

People who ran political machines.

Getting money through dishonest or questionable means.

Using great fortunes to further social progress.

Art attempting to portray people realistcally.

State entertainment made of various acts, such as dancing, singing, comedy, and magic shows.

Type of music with strong rhythm and a lively melody with accented notes.

Criticism of industrial society in literature.

Where middle-class residents lives and helped poor residents.

Where immigrant children go to school to become knowledgable about American Culture.

Spoils system.

Partial refunds.

Paper currency that could not be exchanged for gold or silver coins.

A decline in the value of money.

Movement to increase farmers' political power and to work for legistlation in their interest.

An increase in the value of money and a decrease in the general level of prices.

Marketing organizations that worked for the benefit of their members.

Tax that taxed higher earnings more heavily.

Believed American currency should be based only on gold.

Believed coining silver in unlimited quantities would solver the nation's economic crisis.

Landless farmers who had to hand over the landlord a large portion of their crops to cover the cost of rent, sees, tools, and other supplies.

To require citizens that register to vote to pay a sum of money.

Alloed any man to vote if he had an ancestor on the voting rolls in 1867.

Separation of the races.

Statutes enforcing segregation.

Executions without proper court proceedings.