-
Asthenopia
- symptomatic
- - eyestrain
- - (asthenia= weak condition)
-
Blepharospasm
- symptomatic
- - involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye
- - result: uncontrolled blinking, & lid squeezing
-
Diplopia
- symptomatic
- -
double vision
-
Exophthalmos, Exophthalus
- symptomatic
- -
abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeball
-
Lacrimation
- symtomatic
- - secretion of tears
-
Nystagmus
- symtomatic
- - involuntary, rapid
oscillating movement of the eyeball - - (nystagmos= a nodding)
-
Photophobia
- symptomatic
- - extreme sensitivity to, & discomfort from, light
-
Scotoma
- symptomatic
- - blind spot
in vision - - (skotos= darkness)
-
Refractive Errors
(4 types)
- diagnostic
- -
defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina - - 4 types: astigmatism, hyperopia, mypoia, presbyopia
-
Astigmatism
- diagnostic
- -
distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina - - (stigma= point)
-
Hyperopia
- diagnostic
- - farsightedness
- -
difficulty seeing close objects when light rays extend beyond the proper focus on the retina
-
Myopia
- diagnostic
- - nearsightedness
- -
difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays fall short of the proper focus on the retina
-
Presbyopia
- diagnostic
- -
impaired vision owing to old-age loss of accomidation
-
Accomidation
- diagnostic
- -
ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
-
Amblyopia
- diagnostic
- -
decreased vision in early life due to a functional defect that can occur - - result of: strabismus, refractive errors (when one eye is more near-sighted, farsighted, or astigmatic than the other), or trauma- usually occurs in one eye, also known as lazy eye
- -
(ambly/o= dim)
-
Aphakia
- diagnostic
- -
absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction
-
Blepharitis
- diagnostic
- -
inflammation of the eyelid
-
Bleparochalasis, Dermatochalasis
- diagnostic
- - baggy eyelid
- -
overabundance & loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid - - causes a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open
-
Blepharoptosis, Ptosis
- diagnostic
- - drooping
of the eyelid usually caused by paralysis
-
Chalazion
- diagnostic
- - chronic nodular
inflammation of meibomian gland - - usually due to: blockage of a duct
- - (chalaza= hailstone)
-
Cataract
- diagnostic
- - opaque clouding
of the lens causing decreased vision
-
Conjuctivits
- diagnostic
- - pink eye
- -
inflammation of the conjunctiva
-
Dacryoadenitis
- diagnostic
- -
Iinflammation of the lacrimal gland
-
Dacryocystitis
- diagnostic
- -
inflammation of the tear sac- (cyst/o= sac)
-
Diabetic Retinopathy
- diagnostic
- -
disease of the retina of in diabetics - - characteristics: capillary leakage, bleeding, & new vessel formation (neovascularization)
- - leads to: scarring & loss of vision
-
Ectropion
- diagnostic
- - outward
turning of the rim of the eyelid
-
Entropion
- diagnostic
- - inward
turning of the rim of the eyelid
-
Epiphoria
- diagnostic
- -
abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct - - (epi= upon; phor/o= to carry or bear)
-
Glaucoma
- diagnostic
- -
group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure- -
results in: damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
-
Hordeolum
- diagnostic
- - sty
- -
an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid - - (hordeum= barley)
-
Iritis
- diagnostic
- -
inflammation of the iris
-
Keratitis
- diagnostic
- -
inflammation of the cornea
-
Macular Degeneration
- diagnostic
- - breakdown
or thinning of the tissues in the macula - - results: partial or complete loss of central vision
-
Pseudophakia
- diagnostic
- -
eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant - - (pseudo= false)
-
Pterygium
- diagnostic
- -
fibrous growth of conjunctival tissue that extends into the cornea
-
Retinal Detachment
- diagnostic
- - separation
of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision & resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically
-
Retinitis
- diagnostic
- -
inflammation of the retina
-
Strabismus
- diagnostic
- - cross eyed
- -
a condition eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance- (strabismus= a squinting; hetero= other)
-
-
Esotropia
- diagnostic
- -
right or left eye deviates inward toward the nose - - (eso= inward; tropo= turing)
-
Exotropia
- diagnostic
- -
right or left eye deviates outward away from the nose - - (eso= out; tropo= turing)
-
Scleritis
- diagnostic
- -
inflammation of the sclera
-
Trichiasis
- diagnostic
- - misdirected eyelashes
that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea
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