Ch. 13 Endocrine System

anterior pituitary gland

chronic metabolic condition characterized by gradual, noticeable enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, and extremities due to oversecretion of the pituitary gland after puberity

glandular tumor

any disease of a gland, characterized by enlargement

pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal glands

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regualtes sodium and potassium balance in the blood

steriod hormone that increases male characteristics

pretaining to the suppression of urine production

pretaining to the oter region of an organ or structure

steriod hormone occurring naturally in the body

congenital, lack of thyroid secretion. Casues dwarfism, slowed mental development, puffy facial features, dry skin and large tongue.

metabolic disorder; extreme polydipsia (excessive thirst) and polyuria (excessive urination) . Disorder of pituitary gland due to deficiency in secretion of the antidiuretic hormone.

hormone produced by adrenal medulla

pertaining to a normally functioning thyroid gland

abnormal condition characterized by a marked outward protrusion of the eyeballs

formation of glycogen from fatty acids and proteins instead of from carbohydrates

presense of sugar in the urine

enlargement of thyroid gland due to excessive growth (hyperplasia)

overactivity of the thyroid gland

excessive body hair in male distribution patter in females

excessive activity of the ovaries or testes

elevated blood potassium levels

elevated levels of sodium

hyperactivity of any of the four parathyroid glands, resulting in a oversecretion of parathyroid hormone; high levels calcium in the blood and low levels of calcium in the bones

overactivity of the anterior loble of hte pituitary gland

less than normal blood potassium level

less than normla blood sodium level

surgical removal of the pituitary gland

state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar level caused by an overdose of insulin, decreased intake of food, or excessive exercise by a diabeitc patient who is insulin dependent

internal part of a structure or organ

most severe form of hypothyroidism; puffiness of hands and face; coarse, thickend edematous sink; enlarged tongue; slow speech; loss of and dryness of hair; sensitivity to cold; drowsiness; mental apathy

hormone secreted by posterior pituitary; stimulates contractions of uterus during childbirth and stimualtes release of milk from the breasts of lactating women in response of suckling reflex of the infant

excessive thirst

excessive eating

excretion of excessively large amounts of urine

female hormone secreted by the ovaries; primarily responsible for the changes that occur in the endometrium in anticipation of a fertilized ovum and for development of the maternal placenta after implantation of a fertilized ovum

secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that reuglates the cellular processes necessary for normal body growth

group of symptoms occurring togehter, indicative of a particular disease or abnormality

specialized lymphocytes that are involved in the immune response

condiiton characterized by severe cramping and twitching of the muscles and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints

hormone secreted by the thymus, thought to stimualte the production of T-cells

hormone secreted by thymus; stimualte the production of specialized lymphocytes, called T-cells which are involved in the immune response

inflammation of the thyroid gland

hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; helps maintain normal body metabolism (T₄)

hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; helps reulate growth and development of the body and control metabolism and body temp. (T₃)

development of masculine physical traits in the female

acute, sometimes fatal, incident of overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of thyroid hormone

decreased production of parathyroid hormone resulting in low calcium levels, characterized by nerve and muslce weakness with muslce spasm or tetany

life-threatening disease process due to failure of the adrenal cortex to secrete adequate mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids resulting form an autoimmune process, neoplasm, an infection, or a hemorrhage in gland

excretion of excessive amounts of aldosterone, the most influential of the mineralocorticoids, which causes the body to retain extra sodium and excrete potassium, leading to an increased volume of blood and hypertension

condiiton of the adrenal gland in whichi a cluster of symptoms occur as a result of excessive amount of cortisol or ACTH circualting in the blood

vascular tumor of the adrenal medulla that produces extra epinepthrine and norepinephrine, leading to persistent or intermittent hypertension and heart palpitations

test that evaluates the person's ability to tolerate a concentrated oral glucose loaded by measuring the glucose levels

blood test that shows the average level of glucose in an individual's blood during hte past 3 months

thyroid function test that evaluates the function of the thyroid gland by administering a known amount of radioactive iodine and later placing a gamma ray detector over the thyroid gland to determine the percentage of quantity of radioactive iodine absorbed by the gland over specific time periods

ultrasound examination important in distinguishing solid thyroid nodules from cystic nodules

measure the blood levels of T₃ T₄ and TSH hormones

examinaiton that determines the position, size, shpae, and physiological function of the thyroid gland through the use of radionuclear scanning