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adenohypophysis
anterior pituitary gland
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acromegaly
chronic metabolic condition characterized by gradual, noticeable enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, and extremities due to oversecretion of the pituitary gland after puberity
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adenopathy
any disease of a gland, characterized by enlargement
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adrenocortical
pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal glands
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aldosterone
hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regualtes sodium and potassium balance in the blood
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androgen
steriod hormone that increases male characteristics
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antidiuretic
pretaining to the suppression of urine production
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cortex
pretaining to the oter region of an organ or structure
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cortisol
(hydrocortisone)
steriod hormone occurring naturally in the body
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cretinism
congenital, lack of thyroid secretion. Casues dwarfism, slowed mental development, puffy facial features, dry skin and large tongue.
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insipidus diabetes
metabolic disorder; extreme polydipsia (excessive thirst) and polyuria (excessive urination) . Disorder of pituitary gland due to deficiency in secretion of the antidiuretic hormone.
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epinephrine
hormone produced by adrenal medulla
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euthyroid
pertaining to a normally functioning thyroid gland
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exophthalmia
(exophthalmos)
abnormal condition characterized by a marked outward protrusion of the eyeballs
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glucogenesis
formation of glycogen from fatty acids and proteins instead of from carbohydrates
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glycosuria
presense of sugar in the urine
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goiter
enlargement of thyroid gland due to excessive growth (hyperplasia)
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Grave's Disease
Hyperthyroidism
overactivity of the thyroid gland
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hirsutism
excessive body hair in male distribution patter in females
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hypergonadism
excessive activity of the ovaries or testes
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hyperkalemia
elevated blood potassium levels
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hypernatremia
elevated levels of sodium
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hyperparathyroidism
hyperactivity of any of the four parathyroid glands, resulting in a oversecretion of parathyroid hormone; high levels calcium in the blood and low levels of calcium in the bones
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hyperpituitarism
overactivity of the anterior loble of hte pituitary gland
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hypokalemia
less than normal blood potassium level
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hyponatremia
less than normla blood sodium level
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hypophysectomy
surgical removal of the pituitary gland
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insulin shock
state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar level caused by an overdose of insulin, decreased intake of food, or excessive exercise by a diabeitc patient who is insulin dependent
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medulla
internal part of a structure or organ
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myxedema
most severe form of hypothyroidism; puffiness of hands and face; coarse, thickend edematous sink; enlarged tongue; slow speech; loss of and dryness of hair; sensitivity to cold; drowsiness; mental apathy
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oxytocin
hormone secreted by posterior pituitary; stimulates contractions of uterus during childbirth and stimualtes release of milk from the breasts of lactating women in response of suckling reflex of the infant
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polydipsia
excessive thirst
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polyphagia
excessive eating
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polyuria
excretion of excessively large amounts of urine
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progesterone
female hormone secreted by the ovaries; primarily responsible for the changes that occur in the endometrium in anticipation of a fertilized ovum and for development of the maternal placenta after implantation of a fertilized ovum
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somatotropic hormone
growth hormone
secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that reuglates the cellular processes necessary for normal body growth
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syndrome
group of symptoms occurring togehter, indicative of a particular disease or abnormality
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T-cells
specialized lymphocytes that are involved in the immune response
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tetany
condiiton characterized by severe cramping and twitching of the muscles and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints
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thymopoietin
hormone secreted by the thymus, thought to stimualte the production of T-cells
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thymosin
hormone secreted by thymus; stimualte the production of specialized lymphocytes, called T-cells which are involved in the immune response
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thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid gland
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thyroxine
hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; helps maintain normal body metabolism (T4)
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triiodothyronine
hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; helps reulate growth and development of the body and control metabolism and body temp. (T3)
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virilism
development of masculine physical traits in the female
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thyrotoxicosis
acute, sometimes fatal, incident of overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of thyroid hormone
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hypoparathyrodisim
decreased production of parathyroid hormone resulting in low calcium levels, characterized by nerve and muslce weakness with muslce spasm or tetany
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Addison's disease
life-threatening disease process due to failure of the adrenal cortex to secrete adequate mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids resulting form an autoimmune process, neoplasm, an infection, or a hemorrhage in gland
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Conn's disease
(primary aldosteronism)
excretion of excessive amounts of aldosterone, the most influential of the mineralocorticoids, which causes the body to retain extra sodium and excrete potassium, leading to an increased volume of blood and hypertension
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Cushing's syndrome
condiiton of the adrenal gland in whichi a cluster of symptoms occur as a result of excessive amount of cortisol or ACTH circualting in the blood
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pheochromocytoma
vascular tumor of the adrenal medulla that produces extra epinepthrine and norepinephrine, leading to persistent or intermittent hypertension and heart palpitations
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glucose tolerance test (GTT)
test that evaluates the person's ability to tolerate a concentrated oral glucose loaded by measuring the glucose levels
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hemoglobing A1C test (HgbA1C)
blood test that shows the average level of glucose in an individual's blood during hte past 3 months
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radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test
thyroid function test that evaluates the function of the thyroid gland by administering a known amount of radioactive iodine and later placing a gamma ray detector over the thyroid gland to determine the percentage of quantity of radioactive iodine absorbed by the gland over specific time periods
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thyroid echogram
ultrasound examination important in distinguishing solid thyroid nodules from cystic nodules
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thyroid function test
measure the blood levels of T3 T4 and TSH hormones
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thyroid scan
examinaiton that determines the position, size, shpae, and physiological function of the thyroid gland through the use of radionuclear scanning
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