IS 2020.txt

Receiver gets message instantaneously

Receiver gets message after some delay

Transmits data in only one direction

Transmits data in either direction, but not simultaneously

Permits data transmission in both directions at the same time\

Rate at which data is exchanged (bps)

A telecommunications system in which a very high rate of data exchange is possible

Categories: guided transmission media and wireless

Available in many types

Classified by category: category 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5E, 6 (white noise)

Offers cleaner and crisper data transmission(less noise)) that twisted-pair wire

Transmits signals with light beams

Potential problem: transmitting data over unshielded power lines can interfere with both amateur (ham) radio broadcasts and police and fire radios

Wireless transmission involves the broadcast of communications in one of three frequency ranges (radio, Microwaves, or infrared frequencies)

Short-range wireless connectivity technology designed for cell phones and credit cards

Wireless communications specification that describes how cell phones, computers, personal digital assistants, etc.., can be interconnected

Transmits large amounts of digital data over short distances of up to 30 feet

Sends signals at a frequency of 300 GHz and above

Form of wireless communications frequently used in security systems and heating and cooling control systems

Wireless telecommunications technology brand owned by the Wi-Fi Alliance

Consists of a transmitter with an antenna, receives the signal, and decodes it

Have maximum range of about 300 feet outdoors and 100 feet with a dry-walled building

High-frequency (300 MHz-300GHz) signal sent through the air

Geostationary satellite, low earth orbit (LEO) satellite, very small operture terminal (VSAT)

A way to route communications between network nodes by allowing for continuous connections and reconfig.Uses multiples Wi-Fi access points to link a series of interconnected local area networks

Useful for business travelers, people on the go, and people who need to get or stay connected

Will provide increased data transmission rates in the 20-40 mbps range

Set of IEEE 802.16 wireless metropolitan area network standards

Represents bits

Variable signal, continuous in both time and amplitude so that any small fluctuations is the signal are meaningful

Consists of communications media, devices and software needed to connect two or more computer systems or devices. Can transmit and receive information to improve organizational effectiveness and efficiency

Supports interconnection of information technology within a range of about 33 feet

Connects computer systems and devices within a small area

Connects users and their devices in a geographical area that spans a campus or city

Ties together large geographic regions

All processing occurs in a single location or facility

Processing devices are placed at various remote locations

Processing devices are places at remote locations but are connected to each other via a network

Users can share data through file server computing

Architecture , where Multiple computer platforms are dedicated to special functions

Any computer that sends messages requesting services from the servers on the network

Sends only the data that satisfies a specific query, not the entire file

Modulation/demodulation devices

Combines data from multiple data sources into a single output signal that carries multiple channels

Special-purpose computers that manage communications to and from a computer system

Telephone switching exchange that serves a single organization

Uses the physical device address in each incoming message on the network

Connects one LAN to another LAN that used the same telecommunications protocol

Forwards data packets across two or more distinct networks toward their destinations

Serves as an entrance to another network

System software that controls the computer systems and devices on a network

Protects software from being copied, modified, or downloaded illegally; performs error control to locate telecommunications errors and potential network problems

Converting an original message into a form that can only be understood by the intended receiver

Variable value that is applied (using an algorithm) to a set of unencrypted text to produce encrypted text to decrypt encrypted text

Used encryption based on 64-bit key, which has be upgraded to a 128-bit key

Security protocol that offers significantly improved protection over WEP

Involves hackers driving around with a laptop and antenna trying to detect insecure wireless access points

Early data encryption standard developed in the 1970�s that used a 56-bit private key algorithm

Extremely strong data encryption standard based on a key size of 128-bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits

Private network that used public network (usually the internet) to connect to multiple remote locations; supports secure, encrypted connections between a company�s private network and remote users

Operate using radio waves to provide two-way communications

Miniature cellular base station designed to serve a very small area such as part of a floor inside a building

Telecommunications service that delivers high-speed internet access over existing phone lines

Enables voice conversations to be converted into packets of data that can be sent over a data network; network managers can route phone calls and fax transmissions over the same network they use for data

Users can send, receive, and store verbal messages for and from other people around the world

Delivers emergency notifications to users in a selected geographical area

Convert speech to text so that you can manage voice mails more effectively

Enables each computer in the network to access the internet

Filters the information coming from the Internet into your network

Send/receive documents in a digital form w/out printing; faster

Physical location where an organization handles customer and other telephone calls

Need to be strongly self-motivated, organized, and focused on their tasks with minimal supervision

Connecting corporate computers among organizations; links computers of customers, manufacturers, suppliers

Gives personal computer users access to vast database, the internet, and other services: for fees

Use of telecommunications to extend the classroom

Common work area where colleagues can share documents, issues, models, schedules, spreadsheets, and all forms of information

Provides a simple and consistent user experience across all types of communications

Global navigation satellite systems employing over two dozen satellite in orbit at roughly 12,500 miles above the earth

Include professional legal, patent, and technical information (Nike+ iPod sport kits)

Creating profound changes in business because they remove the barriers of time and distance

Can be classified as synchronous and asynchronous

-guided transmission media and wireless media

Electronic flow of data across international and global boundaries

Network that connects a user�s computer (a client) to one or more host computers (servers)

Transport-layer protocol that most internet applications use with IP

One of the internet�s high-speed, long-distance communications links

an assigned address on the internet for each computer

Responsible for managing IP address and Internet domain names; has authority to resolve domain name disputes

Register domain names in the hope of selling them to corporations or people

Any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the internet for a fee

Collections of tens of millions of server computers that work together as one in an internet

Highlighted text or graphics in a web document that, when clicked, opens a new web page

Web client software such as internet explorer, firefox, and safari used to view web pages

Standard page description language for web pages

Let the browser know how to format text

Markup language for web documents containing structured information

File or portion of an HTML file that defines the visual appearance of content in a web page

The web as a computing platform that supports software applications and the sharing of information

Software that has the functionality and complexity of traditional application software, but runs in a Web browser and does not require local installation

Object-oriented programming language from Sun Microsystems based on C++; allows small programs (applets) to be embedded with an HTML document

AJAX (asynchronous JavaScript and XML), PHP (hypertext preprocessor), Adobe flash and Microsoft Silverlight

Process of mixing two or more hip-hop songs into one song

Standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among web sites

The key to web services

Simple Object Access Protocol

Web Services Description Language

Universal Discovery Description and Integration

1991; allows businesses to connect to the internet

Online, real-time communication between two or more people who are connected to the internet

Network protocol that enables users to log on to networks remotely over the internet

Provides Telnet functionality through a more secure connection

Supports file transfers between a host and a remote computer

Web site that people create and use to write about their observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics

Audio broadcast over the internet; audio blog

Uses email to provide a centralized news service; newsgroups; protocol that describes how groups of messages can be stored on and sent between computers

Requires participants to type their conversation rather than speak

Relatively inexpensive, especially for international calls

Supports both voice and visual communications

Website that contains files, phone numbers, email, addresses, calendars, and more; portable

Can provided critical information during times of disaster; can be used to translate; facilitates distance learning

Internal corporate network built using internet and WWW standards and technologies

Network that links selected resources of the intranet of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners

Management issues, service and speed issues, privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized internet sites

the set of conventions used to pass packets from one host to another

Collection of tens of millions of servers that work together as one in an internet service

Development Team, project, project manager, stakeholders, users, system dev. Specialists

Investigation, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance and review

Provides for maximum management control; creates considerable system documentation; produces many intermediate products review

Mergers, acquisitions, fed. Regulations, etc

Translating strategic and organizational goals into systems development initiatives

Critical for successful systems development effort

Creative analysis, critical analysis

Play pivotal role in organization�s continued operations and goal attainment

Factors essential to success of a functional area of an organization

Output quality or usefulness; output accuracy; speed at which output is produced; scalability of resulting system; risk of the system.

Development costs; costs of uniqueness of system application; fixed investments in hardware and related equipment; ongoing operating costs

Identifies problems and opportunities and considers them in light of business goals

Studies existing systems and work processes to identify strengths, weaknesses, and opportunites for improvement

Defines how the information system will do what it must do to obtain the problem�s solution

Creates or acquires various system components detailed in systems design, assembles them, and places new or modified system into operation

Ensures the system so that it continues to meet; modifies the system so that it continues to meet changing business needs

An iterative approach

Prototype that work; accesses real data files, edits input data, makes necessary computations and comparisons, and produces real output

A mock-up or model; includes output and input specifications and formats

Employs tools, techniques, and methodologies designed to speed application development; makes extensive use of the joint application development (JAD); agile development; extreme programming (XP)

Systems development project in which business managers and users assume the primary effort

Delivers a system that meets user and organization needs on time and within budget

Getting users and stakeholders involved

The bigger the project, the more likely that poor planning will lead to significant problems

One way to measure organization experience

Detailed description of what is to be done

Critical date for completion of a major part of the project

Date that the entire project is to be completed and operational

Activities that, if delayed, would delay the entire project

Creates three times estimates for an activity (shortest possible time, most likely time, longest possible time)

Graphical took used for planning, monitoring, and coordinating projects

Automate many tasks required in a systems development effort; encourage adherence to SDLC

Combines logic of systems development life cycle with power of object development life cycle with power of object-oriented modeling and programming

Identify potential problems and opportunities that would be appropriate for OO approach; define user requirements; design system; program or modify modules; user evaluation; periodic review and modification

Submitted by someone who wants IS department to initiate systems investigation

Bleeding edge

Is it worth it

What will it be worth in 10 yrs

Is it going to work? In our environment

Can it even be scheduled to happen?

Can be used during all phases of systems development

Part of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) that is used in object-oriented systems Development

Summarizes results of systems investigation; summarizes the process of feasibility analysis; recommends course of action; reviewed

Gathering data on existing system; determines requirements for new systems; considers alternative; investigates feasibility of solutions : prioritized list of systems requirements

Assembling participants for systems analysis; collecting and analyzing data and requirements; preparing a report on existing system, new system requirements, and project priorities

List of objectives and activities; deadlines; statement of resources required; major milestones

Interviews, direct observation, questionnaires

Data modeling; activity modeling; application flowcharts; grid charts; Case tools

• Determination of user, stakeholder, and organizational needs
• (asking directly, critical success factors-csf, IS plan, screen + report layout, requirements analysis tools)

Identity problems or potential opportunities; identity key participants and collect data; with the OO approach a class is used to describe different types of objects

Strengths and weaknesses of existing systems from a stakeholder�s perspective; user/stakeholder requirements for new system; organizational requirements for new system; description of what new information system should do to solve the problem

Describes functional requirements of a systems

Specifies the characteristics of the system components necessary to put the logical design into action

Considers the sequence of events that must happen for the system to function correctly

Characteristics: sign-on procedure, interactive processing, help facility, lookup tables, restart procedure

Preventing, detecting, and correcting errors; disaster planning and recovery; systems controls (closed/open/deterrence)

Green design; involves systems development efforts that slash power consumption, require less physical space, and result in systems that can be disposed in a way that doesn�t negatively affect the environment

Document that specifies required resources such as hardware and software in detail

Purchase, lease, rent

Groups consensus; cost/benefit analysis; benchmark tests; point evaluation

User agrees in writing that the design is acceptable

Vender provide standard contracts to protect themselves (request for proposal)

Primary result of systems designs; reflects decisions made and prepares the way for systems implementation

Hardware acquisition; programming and software acquisition or development; user preparation; hiring and training of personnel; site and data preparation; installation, testing, start-up, and user acceptance

Whether to obtain software from external or internal sources

Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) development process

CASE and object-oriented approaches; cross-platform development; integrated development environment

A blend of hardware and software

Popular ways to acquire database capabilities

Readying managers, decision makers, employees, other users, and stakeholders for new systems; implementation

Data conversion; ensures all files and databases are ready to be used with new computer software and systems

Unit, system, volume, integration, acceptance, alpha, beta testing.

Direct plunge, direct cutover, piecemeal, pilot, parallel

Formal agreement signed by user that states that a phase of installation or the complete systems is approved

Use of a new or modified system

Checking, changing, and enhancing the system to make it more useful in achieving user and organizational goals

Changes in process, bugs, errors, technical or hardware problems, corporate mergers and acquisitions, government regulations

Usually requires recompiling all the code

Minor change to correct a problem

Significant program change

• Version Maintenance
• Major program change

Responsible for modifying, fixing, and updating existing software

Becoming more automated

Final step of systems development; analyzes systems to make sure that they are operating as intended

Triggered by a problem or opportunity

Performed after a specified amount of time

Number of errors encountered, amount of memory, amount of processing or CPU time needed, other problems.

Software that measures all components of the computer-based information system

To prepare detailed design needs for a new system

Important aspect of systems designs

Make software development easier and more thorough

Any material substance that carries an electronic signal and serves as an interface between a sending device and a receiving device

A set of rules that governs the exchange of information over a communications medium

A collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information

• The process by which VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the internet
• Stakeholders
• People who, either themselves r through the organization they represent, ultimately benefit from the systems development project

A professional who specialized in analyzing and designing business systems

A specialist responsible for modifying or developing programs to satisfy user requirements