-
list 5 complications of infectious endocarditis
- 1. rupture of chordae tendineae
- 2. spread of infection into myocardium or aorta
- 3. thromboembolism with infarction
- 4. septic thrombi with metastatic abscesses
- 5. valvular dysfunction and CHF
-
list 5 characteristics of Acute Endocarditis
- 1. short duration
- 2. virulent organism
- 3. large strep. aureus vegetations
- 4. previously normal valve
- 5. prominent tissue destruction
-
list 5 characteristics of Subacute Endocarditis
- 1. longer duration
- 2. low virulence organisms
- 3. small s. viridans vegetations
- 4. previously abnormal valve
- 5. less tissue damage
-
list two types of vasculitis for large vessels
- 1. giant cell (temporal) arteritis
- 2. takayasu arteritis
-
list two types of medium vessel vasculitis
- 1. polyarteritis nodosa (classic)
- 2. kawasaki syndrome
-
list two types of vasculitis for small vessels
- 1. microscopic polyarteritis
- 2. wegener's granulomatosis
-
list clinical presentations of giant cell arteritis
- visual problems, claudication of jaw, pain and tenderness over temporal artery, polymyalgia rheumatica.
- rare under 50 yo
-
what is the pathology of giant cell arteritis
granulomatous inflammation with giant cells, fibrosis
-
list the clinical presentations of takayasu arteritis
thickening wall reduces blood flow in major branches off the aortic arch. causes weak pulses in the arms and usually affects young women.
-
what is the pathology of takayasu arteritis
granulomatous inflammation with fibrosis involving the aortic arch and the arch branches
-
explain the etiology behind polyarteritis nodosa
most cases unknown. 30% have HepB surface Ag in serum
-
list clinical presentations of polyarteritis nodosa
hematuria, renal failure, abdominal pain, melena. usually involvement of multiple organ systems.
-
explain the pathology of polyarteritis nodosa
- - segmental involvement of small to medium sized muscular arteries
- - fibrinoid necrosis, thrombosis, neutrophils and aneurysms
- - progressive fibrous scarring
- - sites of involvement: kidneys, heart, liver, GI
-
explain the etiology behind kawasaki's disease
viral infection triggers a hypersensitivity reaction
-
explain the clinical presentations of kawasaki's disease
- affects infants and young children. Show skin rash, mucous membrane lesions, lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes).
- usually self limiting, but 1-2% die with coronary artery vasculitis
-
explain the etiology behind microscopic polyarteritis
often due to AgAb complexes
-
what are the clinical presentations of microscopic polyarteritis?
rash, joint swelling, pleural effusion, pulmonary infiltrates, myocarditis, GI bleeding, renal failure, pANCA
-
describe the pathology behind microscopic polyarteritis
- - involves arterioles, capillaries, venules.
- - fibroid necrosis and neutrophils (leukocytoplastic vasculitis)
-
what is the etiology of wegener's granulomatosis
T-cell mediated hypersensitivity
-
what are the clinical presentations of wegener's granulomatosis
- - involves sinuses, lungs and kidneys (glomerulonephritis)
- - cANCA
-
Describe the pathology behind wegener's granulomatosis
necrotizing granulomas with vasculitis
-
what is the etiology behind buerger's disease?
endothelial injury from cigarette smoke
-
what are the clinical aspects of buerger's disease
usually begins before age 35. pain and ischemia in extremities
-
describe the pathology for buerger's disease
segmental acute and chronic vasculitis in extremities with thrombosis
|
|
