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blood
Fluid circulated by the heart through a closed system of vessels.
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bone
Connective tissue having protein fibers and a hard matrix of inorganic salts, notably calcium salts.
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cardiac muscle
Striated, involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.
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cardiovascular system
Organ system in which blood vessels distribute blood under the pumping action of the heart.
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cartilage
Connective tissue in which the cells lie within lacunae embedded in a flexible, proteinaceous matrix.
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columnar epithelium
Type of epithelial tissue in which the cells are rectangular with the nuclei typically located at the bottom of each cell.
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compact bone
Type of bone that contains osteons consisting of concentric layers of matrix and osteocytes in lacunae.
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connective tissue
Type of animal tissue that binds structures together, provides support and protection, fills spaces, stores fat, and forms blood cells; adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood are types of connective tissue.
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cuboidal epithelium
Type of epithelial tissue in which the cells are cube-shaped.
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dense fibrous connective tissue
Type of connective tissue containing many collagen fibers packed together; found in tendons and ligaments, for example.
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digestive system
Organ system that includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (colon) that receives food and digests it into nutrient molecules. Also has associated organs: teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
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endocrine system
Organ system involved in the coordination of body activities; uses hormones as chemical signals secreted into the bloodstream.
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epithelial tissue
Tissue that lines hollow organs and covers surfaces.
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fibroblast
Connective tissue cell that synthesizes fibers and ground substance.
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homeostasis
Maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell or an organism by means of self-regulating mechanisms.
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hyaline cartilage
Cartilage whose cells lie in lacunae separated by a white translucent matrix containing very fine collagen fibers.
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immune system
All the cells in the body that protect the body against foreign organisms and substances and also against cancerous cells.
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integumentary system
Organ system consisting of skin and various organs, such as hair, which are found in skin.
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intercalated disk
Region that holds adjacent cardiac muscle cells together; disks appear as dense bands at right angles to the muscle striations.
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lacuna
Small pit or hollow cavity, as in bone or cartilage, where a cell or cells are located.
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ligament
Tough cord or band of dense fibrous tissue that binds bone to bone at a joint.
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loose fibrous connective tissue
Tissue composed mainly of fibroblasts widely separated by a matrix containing collagen and elastic fibers.
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lumen
Cavity of a tubular organ.
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lymphatic system
Organ system consisting of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic organs; transports lymph and lipids, and aids the immune system.
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matrix
Unstructured semifluid substance that fills the space between cells in connective tissues or inside organelles.
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muscle tissue
Type of animal tissue composed of fibers that shorten and lengthen to produce movements.
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muscular system
System of muscles that produces movement, both within the body and of its limbs; principal components are skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.
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negative feedback
Mechanism of homeostatic response by which the output of a system suppresses or inhibits activity of the system.
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nerve
Bundle of long axons outside the central nervous system.
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nervous system
Organ system consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and associated nerves that coordinates the other organ systems of the body.
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nervous tissue
Tissue that contains nerve cells (neurons), which conduct impulses, and neuroglia, which support, protect, and provide nutrients to neurons.
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neuroglia
Nonconducting nerve cells that are intimately associated with neurons and function in a supportive capacity.
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neuron
Nerve cell that characteristically has three parts: dendrites, cell body, and an axon.
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organ
Combination of two or more different tissues performing a common function.
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platelet
Formed element in blood that is necessary to blood clotting.
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red blood cell
Erythrocyte; contains hemoglobin and carries oxygen from the lungs or gills to the tissues in vertebrates.
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reproductive system
Organ system that contains male or female organs and specializes in the production of offspring.
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respiratory system
Organ system consisting of the lungs and tubes that bring oxygen into the lungs and take carbon dioxide out.
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skeletal muscle
Striated, voluntary muscle tissue that comprises skeletal muscles; also called striated muscle.
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skeletal system
System of bones, cartilage, and ligaments that works with the muscular system to protect the body and provide support for locomotion and movement.
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smooth (visceral) muscle
Nonstriated, involuntary muscles found in the walls of internal organs.
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squamous epithelium
Type of epithelial tissue in which the cells are flattened.
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striated
Having bands; in cardiac and skeletal muscle, alternating light and dark bands produced by the distribution of contractile proteins.
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tendon
Strap of fibrous connective tissue that connects skeletal muscle to bone.
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tissue
Group of similar cells combined to perform a common function.
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tissue fluid
Fluid that surrounds the body's cells; consists of dissolved substances that leave the blood capillaries by filtration and diffusion.
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urinary system
Organ system consisting of the kidneys and urinary bladder; rids the body of nitrogenous wastes and helps regulate the water-salt balance of the blood.
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white blood cell
Leukocyte, of which there are several types, each having a specific function in protecting the body from invasion by foreign substances and organisms.
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