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Diagnosis of external parasites (burrowing mites)
Skin Scraping
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infestation with mites
acariasis
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morphology of mites
very small head, need microscope to identify, feed on blood, lymph fluid, skin cells, and permanent parasite (usually lives on host entire lifecycle)
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Sarcoptic Mange
Sarcoptes scabiei
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sarcoptes scabiei
scabies, zoonotic, a burrowing mite
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Sarcoptes scabiei habitat
- superficial layers of skin
- typically around haed/ears/elbows/abdomen (areas of less hair)
- heavy infections can be everywhere
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Scabies mites host
- any animal, some varieties are species specific
- rare in cats and horses
- reportable disease in cattle
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Sarcoptes scabiei indentification
round to oval shape, 8 legs, eggs=oval shaped, legs have long unjointed stalks with suckers on end
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clinical signs of sarcotes scabiei
very contagious, extremely pruritic, red and pimply skin, starts to get thick and scabby, hair loss because of self-trauma, scabs become thicker, form folds.
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Sarcotes scabiei treatment
ivermectin injections, mite dips, treatment of secondary infections
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hard to find, easy to treat
Sarcotes scabiei
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easy to find, hard to treat
Demodex spp.
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Demodex hosts
very species specific, dogs usually, if in cats, higher frequency in Burmese and Siamese
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Demodex habitat
hair follicles and sebaceous glands and can be deep into the skin
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demodex indentification
cigar shapped, 8 legs, and normal flora of the skin in small numbers
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Demodex transmission
direct contact, nursing, increased numbers during stress or immunosuppression, immunodeficiencis can result in increased numbers of organisms and disease state
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clinical signs of Demodex
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–condition - termed demodicosis
typically occurs at age 3-6 months, often starts at face and feet then moves, hair loss, red thickening skin:referred to as “red mange”, NOT itchy, and can be localized (affecting specific areas of the body- typically face) or generalized throughout the body.
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Demodex Treatment
- can be very difficult and long process (mites are so deep in skin that pesticides may not reach and kill them immediately)
- Ivermectin takes long time, mitaban dips may be used, but can take 4-6 weeks+ at 2 week intervals, euthanais is sometimes the only option
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ear mite
Otodectes cynotis
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Otodectes cynotis host and habitat
- common in cat and ferrets but can be in dogs
- ear canal, usually in both ears, can be tail, face
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Otodectes cynotis transmission
- direct contact
- highly contagious
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clinical signs of Otodectes cynotis
itchy red ears, head shaking (can lead to hematoma), inflamed ears, may be swollen and warm to touch, brown to black dried, crumbly debris in ear (looks like coffee grounds), can cause convulsions in cats
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Otodectes cynotis diagnosis
swab ear, place in mineral oil on slide, examine under scope, viewed as white moving objects in external canal throughotoscope, short unjointed stalks with suckers on legs, body can resemble a bell pepper, skin scrapping
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Otodectes cynotis treatment
topical insecticide in ear, diligent cleaning and flushing of ear (by owner), ivermectin injection may be used, though not labeled for this purpose-repeat after 2 weeks, takes about 1 month to clear up, or revolution works very well in cats, and sometimes antibiotics and anti-inflammatories.
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Ear cytology treatments
- antibiotics
- Otomax, tresaderm, tritop, panalog, baytril otic, epi-otic, oti-clens, oti-calm, and diligent cleaning on the owners part.
- if to severe, animal may require ear flushing
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Walking dandruff
Cheyletiella spp.
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Cheyletiella host and identification
- rabbit, dog, cat, people
- bell pepper shaped body, comb-like structures at each leg tip, has prominent hook-like mouthparts
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clinical signs of Cheyletiella
large white flakes of "dandruff" and skin dry and scaly
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Cheyletiella diagnosis
- use scotch tape and put on slide
- will see eggs
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Cheyletiella treatment
- topical insecticides
- never dip a rabbit
- must treat environment
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Feline Scabies Mite
Notoedres cati
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Notoedres cati characteristics
head and face mites of cats, burrowing mite, sometimes infests rabbits(not often), temporaril on people, entire life cycle spent on host, legs:unjointed stalks w/ suckers present: similar to Sarcotes mites, eggs: oval
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Mites of cattle and horses
- Sarcoptes-same as small animal
- demodex-smae as small animal
- Psoroptes-similar to Sarcoptes
- Chorioptes-leg mange
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Chewing or biting louse
Mallophaga
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Mallophaga characteristics
big head, broad/flat, head wider then thorax, yellowish body
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sucking louse (large animals)
Anoplura
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Anoplura characteristics
see in dogs, not cats, birds, smaller head, more pointed and narrower, dowdier thorax, large than Mallophaga
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Lice general characteristics
wingless, flat-can not squish, 3 pairs of legs, very host specific, permanent parasite
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Nymph will molt or matue how many times
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lice transmission
direct contact, transported on fomites (combs, brushes, blamkets, hats), will die in 7 days if there is no host
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lice habitat and symptoms
- inside ear, between legs, on tail
- itching, poor hair coat, alopecia, possibly anemmia, will probably see dipylidium caninum proglottids (lice is the intermediate host)
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lice diagnosis and treatment
- see adults and presence of nits (see by combing)
- insecticides topically applied, most flea products will kill lice
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biting louse of dogs
Trichodectes canis
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sucking louse of cats
Felicola subrostratus
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sucking louse of dogs
Linognathus setosus
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