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Where was this made, what was the time period?
The Etruscans; 600-500 BCE
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What were the differences between Etruscan temples and Greek temples?
- -Etruscan temples are raised on a podium with only one staircase. Etruscan temples have a front side while Greek temples had stairs on all sides.
- -Contain three cellas
- -Statues on the roof
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What is the name of this statue?
Apulu of Veii
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The Apulu of Veii is the Etruscan version of what?
What is this made out of?
Where was this found?
What does it resemble?
- -Apollo
- -Made out of terracotta (clay)
- -was part of the statuary on the roof of a temple
- -resembles Archaic Greek kouros
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What is the name of this?
What is its medium? What is the purpose of this?
What could be inferred by this?
- Sarcophagus of Reclining Couple;
- made out of terracotta (clay)
- This was a container for their remains
- Woman reclining with a man might indicate that Etruscan women enjoyed higher social status than that of Greek women
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What is the name of this?
When was it made?
Temple of Portunus, from 75 BCE
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Temple of Portunus:
What eras of art are combined for this?
Temple of Portunus is a ____-_____ temple.
the ____columns on the side are meant to make the temple look like a _____ temple, with columns all around
- Combines Etruscan and Greek art.
- pseudo-peripteral temple, meaning that the ENGAGED columns on the side are meant to look like a PERIPTERAL temple
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what is the name of this?
temple of Vesta in Tivoli, Italy
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Temple of Vesta in Tivoli, Italy:
Which goddess was this dedicated to?
What plan does it have?
What does it closely resemble?
- Vesta, the goddess of the hearth
- has a centralized plan
- resembles a tholos
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what are these?
when were they made?
- Republican portrait busts
- made in 509-27 BCE
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Republican Portrait Busts:
who made these and why?
where were these displayed?
The busts have ____ qualities,
they display ___
- the patrician families kept deceased portrait busts as a record of their ancestry
- displayed during funeral processions
- the busts have VERISTIC qualities
- they display GRAVITAS
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what is the definition of Veristic?
- very realistic, even showing imperfections
- (ex. wrinkles)
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what is the definition of gravitas?
a stern and serious facial expression to show that Romans were dutiful people
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what is the name of this?
who is being depicted and of what?
- augustus primaporta;
- Augustus is being depicted as a victorious general
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Augustus Primaporta:
what is his form? who could he be closely based on?
how is Augustus being portrayed and why?
- contrapposto; based on Polykleitos' Doryphoros;
- being portrayed eternally youthful and powerful, inteded to mold public opinion.
- served as his official portrait around the empire
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what is the name of this?
who was it dedicated to and why?
- Ara Pacis;
- dedicated to Caesar Augustus giving him credit for the Pax Romana
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how is the Ara Pacis's art shown?
what does the art express?
- divided into registers
- relief sculpture that expresses the social and political agenda of Augustus;
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Where was this found?
What does it portray?
- Ara Pacis;
- shows Aeneas offering a sacrifice which refers to Augustus' divine lineage
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where was this found?
What does it show?
- Ara Pacis;
- shows an image of Tellus with putti and animals. Symbolizes peace and prosperity in the Roman world
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where was this found?
what does it show?
- ara pacis;
- shows an imperial procession scene which encourages men and women to start families
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Who was Pitruvius?
When was his work discovered?
A Roman architect during the Augustan age whose work was rediscovered during the Renaissance period (1400's)
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what is the name of this?
Pont-du-Gard Aqueduct
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Pont du Gard:
What was its purpose? What does it connect?
What is the name of each arch made out of interlocking stones?
- Carried water to the town of nimes in France from a mountain source 82 miles away;
- VOUSSAIRS
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What were the Roman towns that were buried by an eruption? What Mountain erupted and what year/century?
Pompeii and Herculaneum; Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 CE= the First century
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What structures were found in Pompeii?
an ampitheatre, forum, and many homes
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What did typical homes have and what did they serve as?
An atrium: served as a welcoming hall for guests
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Describe the architecture of the homes found in Pompeii?
- an atrium which contained an opening in the ceilling and a pool for collecting water below, called an impluvium.
- on the sides of the atrium, were cuicula (bedrooms)
- the end of the atrium led to a peristyle courtyard which often had a garden in the center.
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What is the name of this?
What is its significance?
- Peaches and Glass of Water;
- First still-life painting ever
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Still-life of Peaches and Glass of Water:
what is the form of art in it?
Where was it found?
Key aspects in this art.
- Fourth style fresco found from a home in Herculaneum.
- Has great interest in realism, based off careful observation of a scene, includes shadows and light to make the scene look realistic.
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Where was this found/what was its name?
What style of art is found in here?
- Cubliculum from Home of Publius Fannius Synistor;
- Found in a home in Pompeii after Vesuvius erupted;
- Contains second-style painting
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What is second-style paintings?
depicts architectural scenes with a sense of depth and attempted perspective; 3D
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What is the name of this? What was its original name?
Who built it and when was it built?
- The Colosseum, built by Emperor Vespian in the late 1st century CE
- originally called the Flavian Ampitheatre
-
Colosseum:
What was it used for?
what does the exterior decoration include?
What do the passageways utilize?
- It was used for public spectaclles;
- exterior decoration includes arches and engaged columns
- passageways utilize barrel and groin vaults
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What was this called?
What does this commemorate?
- Arch of Titus;
- Commemorates Titus' conquest of Jerusalem in 70 CE
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What is this found on?
What does this show?
it shows Roman soldiers taking the treasures of the Temple of Jerusalem; found on the Arch of Titus
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What is this an example of??
Faiyum Portraits
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What were the Faiyum Portaits?
What were they made out of?
What was their purpose?
What are they renowned for?
- portraits of Roman citizens discovered in Faiyum, Egypt
- painted in encaustic (painting with melted wax) onto wooden panels
- fasted over the head of a mummy case
renowned for their naturalism such as the modeling of the human face with shadow and light
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What is this showing?
Who designed it, what did it include?
- Trajan's Forum;
- designed by Apollodorus of Damascus
Included a basilica, Temple of Trajan, marketplace, and Trajan's column
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What is the name of this?
What is it?
What is it depicting?
What does it function as?
- Trajan's Column;
- it is a 625 ft. frieze
- Depicts Trajan's military campaigns against the Dacians
- Base of the column functions as Trajan's tomb- holds his and his wife's ashes
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What is this called? Who built it and when?
- The Pantheon
- Built by Hadrian in the 2nd century
-
Pantheon:
What is it dedicated to?
what does its architecture include?
How was it constructed?
- Dedicated to several Roman dieties, includes a portico, a rotunda (dome and drum).
- The interior of dome contains coffers (recessed panels)
- The Dome contains an oculus (opening in the dome for light)
Constructed of several mixtures of concrete from the foundation to the top of the dome
- Dome is supported by eight large concrete piers that are a part of the
- drum
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where is this found and what is it showing?
Found in the pantheon, shows the recessed panels in the dome
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Who is this showing?
marcus auriulus
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Marcus Auriulus:
What is it made out of?
Why was it not destroyed?
What happened to it during the Renaissance?
- Bronze; The people believed it was a statue of Constantine
- During the Renaissance era, it was placed as the centerpiece of a civic
- area
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What are these?
What is it and how was it constructed?
- The Baths of Caracalla; Built in the last empire
- Largest baths in Rome;
- Used fenestrated groin vaults
- (groin vaults that have openings on the side for windows) to provide
- light for the interior
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What are these called?
When was it made? what does it depict?
- The Portrait of Four Tetrarchs;
- Made during the Late Empire during the time of Diocletian;
- Depicts four rulers who share power
- Portrays the emperors as anonymous and equal leaders
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what is this showing?
The Palace of Diocletian at Split
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The Palace of Diocletian at Split:
Who built this?
Describe the unusual feature of the palace.
Diocletian, founder of the tetrarchy, retired and built a fortress-home.
- Part of the palace included a temple area which had round arches
- supported by columns rather than block piers – an unusual and
- noteworthy feature.
-
What is this called?
Where was it found?
The Collossal Head of Constantine
- Part of a colossal statue of Constantine in the main hall of the Basilica
- Nova (A basilica was a large rectangular building which had
- courtrooms and government offices) as a reminder of Constantine’s
- power
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Colosal Head of Constantine:
What is being portrayed?
How do historians believe he looked like?
- Portrays Constantine as eternally youthful
- Powerful image of authority for the Roman Empire
- It is believed that with one hand he held a scepter and in the other he
- held an orb representing his power over the world (a cross may have
- surmounted the orb)
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What is this an example of? What was its purpose?
- A Stele;
- A stele is an upright stone marker that is a record of an important
- event.
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What is this called? What does it show?
- The Palette of Narmer;
- recorded the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt through
- force.
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