What is the chemical composition of table salt? Does it ever change?
It is always 100% sodium chloride and it never changes. Composed of sodium and chlorine :)
Give two examples of substances:
Table salt, water :)
What is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition?
Physical property :)
Name 7 common physical properties that scientists record as identifying characteristics of a substance.
Density, color, odor, taste, hardness, melting point, and boiling point
Physical properties can be further described as being one of two types. Give the two types and explain each below.
Extensive properties are dependent upon the amount of substance.
Intensive properties are independent of the amount of substance present. :)
Was identification of gold based on appearance alone misleading? Why or why not?
Yes, it is misleading because there is a nugget called "fool's gold." Errors in identification based on the intensive properties of appearance fooled many miners into falsely thinking it was gold. :)
What is the ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances called?
Chemical property :)
True or false: Every substance has its own unique set of physical and chemical properties.
True
Observations of properties may vary depending on the what?
Conditions of the immediate environment :)
What is a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume?
A solid :)
A is a form of matter the FLOWS, has constant, and takes theof its container.
Liquid, volume, shape :)
Ais a form of mater that flows to conform to theof its container and fills the entire volume of its container.
Gas, shape :)
What is the fourth state of matter?
Plasma :)
Name a few physical changes:
Bending, grinding, crumpling, splitting, and crushing
What is condensation?
A common phase change :)
A process that involves one or more substancesinto new substances is called achange, which is commonly referred to as a .
Changing, chemical, chemical reaction :)
What states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a cheical reaction-it is CONSERVED!!!!
The law of conservation of mass :)
Who was Antoine Lavoisier and what did he use to moniter chemical reactions? What did he study?
He was a French scientist, he used an analytical balance to monitor chemical reactions. He studies the thermal decomposition of mercury oxide, known then as calx of mercury. :)
The composition of is variable, and the number of mixtures that can be created by combining substance is .
Mixture, Infinite :)
What happens when sand and water mix? What happens when salt and water mix?
Sand and water are in contact, but each substance retains its properties and they don't react.
Salt and water physically were mixed but did not react and were seperated by the physical method of boiling.
Mixtures are classified as either or .
Heterogeneous or homogeneous
Amixture is one that does not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual subvstance remain distinct.
Heterogeneous
Amixture has constant composition throughout; it always has a single phase.
Homogeneous :)
What are also referred to as solutions?
Homogeneous mixtures :)
What is an alloy?
A homogeneous mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and a nonmetal in which the metal substance is a major component.
Give two examples of types of solution systems in table 3-3.
Gas-gas: Air is primarily a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon gases.
Liquid-liquid: Vinegar contains acetic acid in water
Mostexists naturally as mixtures.
Matter
What mixtures are composed of solids and liquids?
Heterogeneous :)
What mixtures can be seperated by distillation?
Homogeneous
What happens in distillation?
A mixture is heated until the substance with the lowest boiling point boils to a vapor that can then be condenced into a liquid and collected.
Wha is chromatography and how does it work?
A technique that seperates the components of a mixture on the basis of the tendency of each to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.
