Chapter 12 Psychosis and Schizophrenia

a state of being profoundly out of touch with reality

abnomal sensory experiences such as hearing or seeing nonexistent things

fixed, false, and often bizarre beliefts

a disorder marked by psychosis and a decline in adaptine functioning

an early term for schizophrenia, from the Greek for "premature dementia"

severe disruptions in the process of speech

bizarre or disrupted behavioral patterns, such as dishevelment, extreme agitation, uncontrollable childlike silliness, or an inability to perform simple activities of daily living

symptoms that represent pathological deficits, such as flat affect, loss of motivation, and poverty of speech

severe disruptions in the process of speaking or thinking

a sequence of logically disconnected thoughts

made-up words, like "headvise" for headache

nonsense sequences of rhyming or like-sounding words

a speech abnormality in which a person mimics what he or she has just heard

repeating the gestures of others

a seemingly random collection of disorganized words

psychomotoric symptoms ranging from extreme immorbility and unresponsiveness to extreme agitation

catatonic symptom in which clients' limbs, often held in rigid posture for hours, can be bent and reshaped as though made of wax

a reduction or an absence of normal emotion

minimal or absent verba communication

inability to talk despite trying to do so

reduced or absent motivation

loss of a sense of pleasure

the decline in socioeconomic status of individuals with schizophrenia relative to their families of origin

the most common subtype, characterized by predominant symptoms of delusions and auditory hallucinations, with relatively intact cognitive and emotional functioning

typically the most severe subtype, characterized by the prominence of disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, and flat or inappropriate affect

subtype marked by psychomotoric symptoms, such as rigid phsycial immobility and unresposiveness ( catatonic stupor) or extreme behavioral agitation (catatonic excitement), muteness, and, occasionally, echolalia and echopraxia

subtype in which clients have clearly met the criteria for schizophrenia in the past, and there is ongoing evidence of the disorder but without current psychotic symptoms

a group of related and overlapping disorders that may have a common etiological basis

DSM diagnosis involving symptoms of both a mood disorder and schizophrenia

DSM diagnosis involving a psychotic episode that has all the features of schizophrenia but has not lasted six months

DSM diagnosis involving a psychotic episode that has all the features of schizophrenia but lasts less than one month

DSM diagnosis involving nonbizarre delusions lasting at least one month

DSM diagnosis involving delusions that develop in the contet of a close relationship with a psychotic person

the first stage of schizophrenia in which symptoms are developing

the second phase of schizophrenia, involving psychotic symptoms

the third stage of schizophrenia, in which the individual is no longer psychotic but still shows signs of the disorder

a general decrease in activity in the prefrontal cortex

a nerotransmitter thought to be specifically related to postive symptoms of schizophrenia and to pleasure regions

a neurotransmitter involved in schizophrenic symptoms and many other funtions

a neurotransmitter associated with depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia

a neurotransmitter that suppresses nervous system activity

the stiffness and tremors associated with Parkinson's disease

another name for an antipsychotic medication

the hypothesis that excess dopamine transmission causes the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia

receptors involved in dopamine transmission that are thought to play a role in symptoms of schizophrenia

fluid-filled cavities in the brain

difficulty processing sensory input

a latent vulnerability for developing schiziphrenia that may or may not progress into full-blown schizophrenia

in a group of twins, the percentage who both have the same disorder

involving multiple genes

medications that reduce psychotic symptoms

chemical name for the first generation antypsychotic medications

another name for antipsychotic medications

the social policy, beginning in the late 60's of discharging large numbers of hospitilized psychiatric clients into the community

newer antipsychotic medications that target both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

the systematic use of coinlike tokens as rewards in on operant conditioning treatment program

an insitutional treatment philosophy in which clients take active responsibility for decisions about the management of their enviroment and their therapies

a treatment program for schizphrenia that offers frequent and coordinated contact with a wide variety of professionals in an effor to decrease relapses and rehospitalizations

contradictory messages such as "be independent!" but "Never leave me!" that put the child in a "damned if you do, damned if you don't" position

odd or idiosyncratic communication in families

high levels of criticism and overinvolvment in families

an adjunctive therapy for schizophrenia that combines cognitive, behavioral, and psychodynamic, and humanistic principles and helps clients solve the practical problems of daily life