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hormon/o
hormone (an urging on)
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Thyr/o
thyroid gland (shield)
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Thyroid/o
thyroid gland (shield)
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Adrenal Glands
- Suprarenal glands
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located next to each kidney - - the adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones & the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine & norepinephrine
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Steroid Hormones
- secreted by: adrenal glands (suprarenal glands)
- - 3 types: Glucocorticoids, Mineral Corticosteroids, Androgens
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regulate carbohydrate metabolism & salt & water balance - - some effects on sexual characteristics
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Epinephrine, Norepinephrine
- secreted by: adrenal glands (suprarenal glands)
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affects sympathetic nervous system in stress response
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Ovaries
- located one on each side of the uterus in the female pelvis
- - functions: to secrete estrogen & progesterone
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Estrogen, Progesterone
- secreted by: ovaries
- - responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics & the regulation of reproduction
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Pancreas
- (Islets of Langerhans)
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located behind the stomach in front of the first & second lumbar vertebrae - - function: to secrete insulin & glucagon
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Insulin, Glucagon
- secreted by: pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
- - regulates: carbohydrate/sugar metabolism
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Parathyroid Gland
- location: posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the neck
- - function: to secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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Parathyroid Hormone
- secreted by: parathyroid gland
- - regulates calcium & phosphorus metabolism
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Pineal Gland
- - location: center of the brain
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function: to secrete melatonin & serotonin
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Melatonin
- secreted by: pineal gland
- - function: unknown
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affects: onset of puberty
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Serotonin
- secreted by: pineal gland
- - a neurotransmitter that serves as the precursor to melatonin
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Pituitary Gland (Hyphosis)
- - location: @ the base of the brain (anterior & posterior)
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function of posterior pituitary: releases anitdiuretic hormone & oxytocin
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Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis)
- - location: base of the brain
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function: secrete thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), growth hormone (GH), prolactin (lactogenic hormone)
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Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- secreted by: anterior pituitary
- - stimulates secretion from thyroid gland
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
- secreted by: anterior pituitary
- - stimulates secretion from adrenal cortex
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- secreted by: anterior pituitary
- - initiates growth of ovarian follicle
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stimulates secretion of estrogen (females) & sperm production (males)
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Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- secreted by: anterior pituitary
- - causes ovulation
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stimulates secretion of pregesterone by corpus luteum- causes secretion of testosterone in testes
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Melantocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
- secreted by: anterior pituitary
- - affects skin pigmentation
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Growth Hormone (GH)
- secreted by: anterior pituitary
- - influences growth
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Prolactin (Lactogenic Hormone)
- secreted by: anterior pituitary
- - stimulates breast develoment & milk development during pregnancy
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Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis)
- - location: base of the brain
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function: secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), & oxytocin
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- secreted by: posterior pituitary
- - influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules
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Oxytocin
- secreted by: posterior pituitary
- - influences uterine contraction
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Testes
- - location: one on each side within the scrotum in the male
- - function: to secrete testosterone
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Testosterone
- secreted by: testes
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affects masculinization & reproduction
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Thymus Gland
- - location: in the mediastinal cavity, anterior to & above the heart
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function: secretes thymosin
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Thymosin
- secreted by: thymus gland
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regulates immune response
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Thyroid Gland
- - location: in front of the neck
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function: secrete triiodothyronine (T3), thryoxine (T4), & calcitonin
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Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4)
- secreted by: thyroid gland
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known as the thyroid hormone & regulates metabolism
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Calcitonin
- secreted by: thyroid gland
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regulates calcium & phosphorus metabolism
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