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Kidney Biochemistry.txt

  1. What size of compounds are easily filtered across the glomerulus?
    <5000 daltons
  2. What are the three barriers of the glomerulus?
    • 1) Fenestrated capillaries
    • 2) basal lamina
    • 3) podocyte foot processes
  3. How are insulin and glucagon taken care of in the kidney?
    Taken up into lysosomes through the PCT where they are broken down to amino acids
  4. How is the kidney saved from Hb and Mg toxicity?
    Hepatoglobin tags Hb and Mb and then the complex is taken up by macrophages in the spleen
  5. Explain albunimuria
    • The kidney can filter a little bit of albumin through receptors since it is so large.
    • If there is too much albumin, then it can't be reabsorbed at the PCT.
  6. Explain Diabetic alunimuria
    • Heparanase is upregulated when serum glucose is high.
    • Heparanase breaks down barrier for filtration of Albumin so more is filtered.
    • As more is filtered, less is reabsorbed
  7. What are the three actions of the PCT (RAG)?
    • 1) Reabsorption
    • 2) Ammoniagenesis
    • 3) Gluconeogenesis (in long term fasting)
  8. When and where is ammoniagenesis most active?
    • Generally = DCT
    • Starvation and acidosis = increase in PCT and still DCT
  9. What is necessary to increase the production of glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase?
    Acidosis (convert glutamine - glutamate - alpha ketoglutarate - glucose)
  10. What is the role of alpha ketoglutarate dehydro?
    To remove alpha ketoglutarate so the reverse cycle to glutamate does not occur
  11. What 2 stages increase production of PEP carboxy for gluconeogenesis?
    • Acidosis
    • Cortisol
  12. Does the thin loop of Henle participate in aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis?
    Anaerobic
  13. What are the two layers of the medulla and which one has more oxygen?
    • Outer = more O2 = more mitochondria
    • Inner = less O2 = less mitochondria
  14. What does the Proximal tubule use as fuel?
    • Fatty Acids
    • Glutamine
  15. What does the thin loop of Henle use as fuel?
    Glucose
  16. What does the thick ascending loop of henle use as fuel?
    Glucose or fatty acids and ketones
Author
kepling
ID
46924
Card Set
Kidney Biochemistry.txt
Description
Kidney Biochemistry
Updated

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