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refers to the strong, involuntary effort to vomit
gaggin, retching
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retching that is elicited by stimulation of the sensitive tissues of the soft palate region
gag relex or pharyngeal reflex
-
protective mechanism of the body that serves to clear the airway of obstruction
gag reflex
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does everyone have a gag reflex?
yes, some more sensitive than others
-
what kind of gag reflex is a problem in dentistry
hypersensitive gag reflex
-
two areas most likely to elicit the gag reflex when stimulated
- soft palate
- lateral posterior third of the tongue
-
what two reactions occur during gag reflex
- cessation of respiration
- contraction of the muscles in the throat and abdomen
-
factors responsible for initiating gag reflex (2)
- psychogenic stimuli (stimuli originating in the mind)
- tactile stimuli (stimuli originating from touch)
-
Patient managment (of patient with hyersensitive gag reflex) (5)
- oporator attitude:confident, patient, tolerant, understanding
- patient and equipment preparations:complete ahead of time; before film placement
- exposure sequencing:anteriors, premolars, molars
- film placement and technique:placed and exposed as quick as possible. Avoid the hard palate. Demonstrate film placement
- helpful hints for preventing the gag reflex
-
Helpful hints to reduce the gag reflex (6)
- Never suggest gagging
- Reassure the patient
- suggest breathing
- try to distract the patient
- try to reduce tactile stimuli
- use topical anesthetic
-
What do you do with extreme cases of gagging
use extraoral films
-
two ways to reduce tactile stimuli
- give patient cup of ice water
- put salt on tip of tongue
-
topical anesthetic spray takes effect after...
lasts for about....
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physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual's major life activites
Disability
-
a person teh a physical disability may have problems with (3)
-
What to do if patient is blind
- clear verbal explainations
- keep patient informed of what is happening
- never gesture to another person in the room
-
what to do if person if deaf
- ask caregiver to interpret
- use guestures
- write instructions
- speak clearly and slowly if patient can read lips
-
if patient is imobile
- offer to assist patient to dental chair
- ask carefiver to assist in chair transfer
- do it from the wheelchair
-
substantial impairment of mental or physical functioning that ocurs before the age of 22 and is of indefinite duration
developmental disability
-
examples of developmental disability (4)
- autism
- cerebral palsy
- epilepsy
- mental retardation
-
a person with a developmental disability may have problems with (2)
- coordination
- comprehension of instruction
-
Helpful hints for treating a patient iwth a disability
- do no ask personal questions about the disability
- do offer assistance to a person with a disability
- do talk directly to the person with the disability
-
patients with specific dental needs (3)
- pediatric
- endodontic
- edentulous
-
meaing of greek word pedia
-
branch of dentistry dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of dental diseases in children
pediatrics
-
in children, dental radiographs are useful for (3)
- detecting lesions and conditions of the teeth and bones
- showing changes secondary to caries and trauma
- evaluating growth and development
-
when treating a pediatric patient, the dental radiographer must be aware of teh following (4)
- Prescribing of dental radiographs
- Patient and equipment preparations
- Recommended techniques
- Patient management
-
perscribing films of a child is based on?
- individual needs of the patient
- age of the child and their ability to cooperate
-
Special attention to 4 areas during patient and equipment preparation
- Explanation of procedure
- Lead Apron
- Exposure factors
- Film size
-
In children with primary or transitional dentition, which technique is prefered?
bisecting
-
Management of children requires the radiographer to be (3)
- confident
- patient
- understanding
-
Helpful hints for managing a pediatric patient
- Be confident
- show and tell
- reassure the patient
- demonstrate behavior
- request assistance
- postpone the examination
-
greek words endon and odontos mean?
within tooth
-
branch of dentistry concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the dental pulp within the tooth
enodontics
-
usually involves removal of teh dental pulp (nerve tissue) from teh pulp chamber and canals within the tooth, then filling the empty pulp chamber and canals with a material such as gutta percha or siver points.
root caal procedure or root canal therapy
-
one who has undergone root canal therapy
endodontic patient
-
what kind of film holder is used with endodontics
EndoRay film holder
-
Druing a rooth canal, what must be accureately measured without distortion
length of the pulp canals
-
means without teeth
edentulous
-
The edentulous patient requires a dental radiographic exam for the follwoing reasons (4)
- detect the presence of root tips, impacted teeth, and lesions (cysts, tumors)
- identify objects embedded in bone
- establish the position of normal anatomic landmarks relative to the crest of the alveolar ridge
- observe the quantity and quality of bone that is present
-
The radiographic exam of the edentulous patient may include which radiographs
- Panoramic
- periapical
- combination of occlusal and periapical
-
most common way of examining the edentulous jaw
panoramic radiograph
-
quick and easy for the patient and requires only one film
panoramic
-
if a panoramic radiograph reveals any root tips, impacted teeth, foreign bodies, or lesions in teh jaws, what must be exposed
periapical films
-
this film has more definition and permits the ara in question to e examined in greater detail
periapial
-
if a panoramic macine is not availible, what do you do
expose 14 periapical films
-
what should be used during the paralleling technique with the edentulous patient
cotton roles
-
if bisectin technique is used with the edentulous patient, what forms the angle to be bisected?
edentulous ridge and the film
-
how much of the film should extend of the edentulous ridge?
1/3
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