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Peninsulares
The top of the Spanish-American society; people who were born in Spain
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Creole
Spaniards born in Latin America, were below the peninculares in rank
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Mulattos
Below the creoles; persons of mixed European and African ancestry, and enslaved Africans
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Conservative
Usually wealthy property owners and nobility; argued for protecting the traditional monarchies of Europe
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Liberal
Mostly middle-class buisness leaders and merchants; wanted to give more power to elected parliaments, but only the educated and the land owners would vote
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Radical
Favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people; believed governments should practice-liberty, equality, and brotherhood
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Nationalism
The belief that people's greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history
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Nation-state
When a nation had its own independent government that defended its territory and way of life
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Russification
A policy that forced Russian culture on all the ethnic groups in the empire
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Junkers
Strongly conservative members of Prussia's wealthy landowning class
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Realpolitik
Means "the politics of reality"; term is used to describe tough power politics with no room for idealism
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Romanticism
Movement that reflected deep interest in both nature and thoughts and feelings of the individual
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Realism
Tried to show life as it was, not as it should be
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Impressionism
Instead of showing life life as it was, they tried to show their immpression of a subject or moment in time
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