The top of the Spanish-American society; people who were born in Spain
Creole
Spaniards born in Latin America, were below the peninculares in rank
Mulattos
Below the creoles; persons of mixed European and African ancestry, and enslaved Africans
Conservative
Usually wealthy property owners and nobility; argued for protecting the traditional monarchies of Europe
Liberal
Mostly middle-class buisness leaders and merchants; wanted to give more power to elected parliaments, but only the educated and the land owners would vote
Radical
Favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people; believed governments should practice-liberty, equality, and brotherhood
Nationalism
The belief that people's greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history
Nation-state
When a nation had its own independent government that defended its territory and way of life
Russification
A policy that forced Russian culture on all the ethnic groups in the empire
Junkers
Strongly conservative members of Prussia's wealthy landowning class
Realpolitik
Means "the politics of reality"; term is used to describe tough power politics with no room for idealism
Kaiser
Emperor
Romanticism
Movement that reflected deep interest in both nature and thoughts and feelings of the individual
Realism
Tried to show life as it was, not as it should be
Impressionism
Instead of showing life life as it was, they tried to show their immpression of a subject or moment in time