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alderian behavior model
four styles, mix and match (1 or 2 with 3 or 4)
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active vs passive
constructive vs destructive
four adlerian behavior models
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visual, artificial, natural, non-verbal
VANN
four systems of communication
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natural communication
- words written, sung, or said; verbal communications
- PISS
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prosody
- the rythm of your voice
- one aspect that changes the meaning of words w/o changing the word
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intonation
- the inflection (rise and fall) of your voice
- pitch, tone, volume, statements vs question
- one aspect that changes the meaning of words w/o changing the word
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speed
- how quickly or slowly you speak
- one aspect that changes the meaning of words w/o changing the word
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stress
- where the emphasis is put
- one aspect that changes the meaning of words w/o changing the word
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proxemics
the space you keep between yourself and others
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edward hall
first to study proxemics
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public zone
occupied by strangers, 12 ft or greater
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social zone
where busness is conducted, four to twelve feet
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personal zone
people you know, 18 inches to four feet
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intimate space
18 inches to CONTACT ;]
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attractivness
- 1. dialated pupils
- 2. symmetry
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1st impression
- taks 3-4 seconds
- 90% visual-- clothing, hygene, body language
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eye contact
speaker does not hold, listener does
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attitudes
feelings, usually based on beliefs, that predispose our reaction to something/one
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foot-in-the-door phenomenon
first agreeing to small actions makes it easier to gradually agree to larger and larger actions
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dissonance
the tension we feel when our attitudes and actions do not agree
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cognitive dissodence theory
to relieve the discomfort of inconsistent thoughts and actions we change our attitudes to justify the act
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conducted the shock experiment to study how we respond to commands; 63% complied fully
Milgrim
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obedience is highest when:
1. the authorative figure seems legit and is physically present
2. the authorative figure is suported by prestigeous institute
3. the victim is at a distance
4. no other participants are seen disobeying
obedience is highest when:
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body language
how we carry our body conveys how we feel and act
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social rules
govern much of our body language
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implicit personality theory
the assumptions we make about how people behave and what traits or characteristics go together; different people may have different 'theory' on the same person
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stereotype
an exaggerated set of assumptions about a group or individual who seems to belong to that group
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attribution theory
an analysis of how we interpret and undertand others behavior
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dispositional factors
personal characteristics/behaviors based on our mood
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situational factors
our behavior as it is influenced by the environment; factors found in the situation that affect our behavior
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self-serving bias
- explanation of our behavior in a way that perserves our self-confidence
- losers vs winners
- we usually explain our actions by the situation and other by disposition
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fundamental attribution error
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behavior=situation+disposition/individual
- we incorrectly interpret the actions of others by weighing either the situation or the person more than the other
- we usually explain our actions by the situation and other by disposition
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actor-observer bias
how we percieve all depends on where we are standing
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interdependence
an action of one member affects the others in a group
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task functions
goals directed to getting a job done
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social functions
goals directed to filling an emotional need of its members
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norms
rules for behavior or attitude; more like habits than rigid rules
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ideology
common ideas, values, and attidudes shared by a group
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commitment
a groups requirement of personal sacrifice and participation
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group structure
the roles of various members and how these roles are interrelated
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sociogram
how psychologists analyze group structure
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diffusion of leadership
each person assumes someone else should take responsibility
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trivialize
to minimize the need for a response; talk yourself out of doing something, explaining away the importance of the situation
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task leaders
leaders who focus on getting the job done
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social leaders
leaders who focus on the wellbeing of the group members
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37% agreed with a group of three or more
14% agreed with a group of two
unanimity>size of majority
asch line expriment
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social facilitation
responding stronger to a simple task in presense of others
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social loafing
people work less when in groups than if they were working alone
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deindividuation
losing ones self-control in a group situation
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group polarization
the strengthening of a main group idea with discussion
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group think
- a group wants to get along so they come to consensis that isnt realiztic
- fueled by overconfidence, self-justification and group polarization
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altruism
holding the welfare of others above your own; selfless
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1. notice
2. interpret as emergency
3. feel responsibility
bystander intervention
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bystander affect
bystander is less likely to help if other bystanders are present
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social exchange theory
all behaviors are marked with self-interest; we aim to maximize benefits and minimize cost
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reciprocity norm
the expectaion to return help to those who have helped us
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social-responsibility norm
helping those who need help
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superordinate goals
shared goals that outweigh differences among a group because it requires cooperation
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zimbardo
prison experiment
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