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What are the four basic layers of cells in the GI tract?
- 1) mucosa
- 2) submucosa
- 3) muscularis externa
- 4) serosa or adventitia
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What are the three mucosa layers?
- 1) epithelium
- 2) Lamina Propria: LCT, BV, LV, II Capillaries
- 3) Muscularis mucosa: smooth muscle
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What is the enteric nervous system called in the submucosa?
Submucosa (Meissner's) plexus
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What is the enteric nervous system called in the muscularis externa?
Myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus
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What are the two layers of the muscularis externa?
- 1) outer circular layer
- 2) inner longitudinal layer
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What organs have a serosa and what organs have an adventitia?
- Serosa = intraperitoneal
- Adventitia = retroperitoneal
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What two places in the GI tract contain submucosal glands?
Espohagus & Duodenum
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In what layer are the esophageal glands proper located?
Submucosa
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What are the three muscle types that make up the ME in the esophagus?
- upper 1/3 = skeletal
- middle 1/3 = skeletal + smooth
- lower 1/3 = smooth
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How many layers of Smooth Muscle are in the ME of the stomach?
- THREE
- Oblique
- Circular
- Longitudinal
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How to characterize the pits and glands throughout the stomach: Cardiac, Fundus, Pyloric
- Cardiac: Pits = medium (~1/2 MM)/ Glands = coiled
- Fundus: Pits = short (~1/3 MM) / Glands = longest
- Pyloric: Pits = long (1/2 - 2/3 MM)/ Glands = branched
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What type of system makes up an active parietal cell?
Tubulovesicular system (a lot of microvilli, open intracellular canaliculi)
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From the outer epithelium to the inside, name the cells lining the stomach pit and gland:
- 1) epithelium: surface mucous cells
- 2) Neck: mucous neck cells, regenerating stem cells
- 3) body: parietal, DNES, Chief
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What two chemicals are released by parietal cells?
- 1) HCL
- 2) Intrinsic factor Vitamin B-12
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What do chief cells release?
- Pepsinogen
- Renin
- gastric lipase
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What do DNES cells secrete and where to?
- CCK, Secretin
- Secrete basally either paracrine or endocrine (may be neurotransmitter as well)
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3 Epithelial cells common to villi and glands
- 1) surface absorptive cells - enterocytes
- 2) Goblet cells
- 2) DNES
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Epithelial cells common to intestinal glands:
- 1) Paneth Cells: secrete to lumen, red staining, regulated secretion
- 2) Regenerative stem cells
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What are the four cells present in the intestinal glands of the colon?
- 1) Surface absorptive
- 2) Goblet
- 3) DNES
- 4) Regenerative stem cells
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Since there are no lacteals in the colon, where does the lymph drain?
Submucosa into LV
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What is the name for the three unique outer longitudinal layers of the colon?
Teniae coli
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