ap lecture 4 ch 10

The muscles that perform most of the action in producing the movement

Muscles that help the prime mover by contracting at the same time to assist in the movement so that the movement is more effective

Muscles that relax when the prime mover and synergists are contracting

Raises eyebrows

draws eyebrows together, wrinkles skin of forehead (frowning)

closes eye

raises lateral corners of mouth upward

opens lips

draws corner of lip laterally, tenses lips

draws lower lip inferiorly (pout)

draws corners of mouth downward and laterally (tragedy mask grimace)

closes lips, kissing and whistling

wrinkles chin, protrudes lower lip

compresses cheek

tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible

prime mover of jaw closure

closes jaw

protracts tongue

depresses tongue

retracts and elevates tongue

flexes and laterally rotates the head

elevate first two ribs

extend or hyperextend head

extend and laterally flex the vertebral column, maintain posture

extends vertebral column

extend vertebral column and head and rotates them to opposite side

pull ribs toward one another to activate rib cage

draw ribs together and depress rib cage

prime mover of inspiration, flattens on contraction

flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column

flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall, trunk rotation and lateral flexion

compresses abdominal contents

with ribs fixed, draws scapula forward and downward

rotates scapula so that its inferior angle moves laterally and upward

helps stabilize and depress pectoral girdle

stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates scapula

elevates/adducts scapula

stabilize scapula

prime mover of arm flexion, rotates arm medially, adducts arm

prime mover of arm abduction when all its fibers contract simultaneously

prime mover of arm extension, powerful arm adductor, medially rotates arm at shoulder

chief medial rotator of humerus

initiates abduction of humerus

rotates humerus laterally

rotates humerus laterally also

extends humerus, medially rotates, and adducts humerus

flexion and adduction of the humerus

powerful forearm extensor

controls ulnar abduction during forearm pronation

flexes elbow joint and supinates forearm

a major forearm flexor, lifts ulna as biceps lift the radius

powerful flexor of wrist, abducts hand

tenses skin and fascia of palm during hand movements

prime mover of finger extension

extends index finger

adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg

extends knee and flexes thigh at hip, one of quadriceps

extends and stabilizes knee, one of quadriceps

extends knee, one of quadriceps

major extensor of thigh

rotates thigh laterally and stabilizes hip joint

extends thigh and flexes knee laterally rotates leg, one of hamstrings

extends thigh and flexes knee, medially rotates leg, one of hamstrings

deep to semitendinosus, extends thigh and flexes knee

prime mover of dorsiflexion, inverts foot

prime mover of toe extension

plantar flexes foot when knee is extended bc it also crosses knee joint, calf

Close body openings by contracting

Has a broad origin; single tendon of insertion

Strap-like with an expanded belly; great ability to shorten but NOT very powerful

Fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle; do NOT shorten as much but are more powerful.

A rigid bar that moves on a fixed point

The fixed point upon which a lever moves

The applied force

the resistance

lever

fulcrum

effort

load

Effort is applied at one end of the lever; the load at the other; fulcrum somewhere in between

Effort applied at one end of the lever; the fulcrum located at the other; load between them

Effort applied between the load and the fulcrum

first class lever

second class lever

third class lever

The most common lever systems in the body are those that have the applied force between the fulcrum and the resistance. These are called ______ levers.

A muscle that assists the muscle primarily responsible for a given action is a

A muscle that is inserted on the mandible is probably involved in:

A muscle whose name ends in the suffix -glossus would be found attached to the:

Damage to which of the following muscles would interfere with quiet breathing?

During abdominal surgery, the surgeon makes a cut through the muscle directly to the right of the linea alba. The muscle that is being cut is the

Muscles with fibers that run straight or parallel to the long axis of the body are called:

The muscular wall of the abdomen is composed of:

The major abductor muscle of the upper arm is the

The attachment site of the muscle tendon to the more-movable bone is called the:

The deltoid is a muscle named according to

The extensor digitorum muscle is an example of a ____________ muscle.

The _______ nerve innervates all of the extrinsic tongue muscles

Which of the following muscles divides the neck into two triangles?

Which of the following muscles lifts the rib cage during inspiration?

The linea alba is found in the

The _______________ assists the triceps brachii in forearm extension

Which of the following adducts the fingers and wrist?

The prime mover for flexion of the thigh is the __________ muscle.

The ________________ is the prime mover of dorisiflexion of the foot.

Shin splints are caused by

__________ are muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement.

How many origins are there for the biceps brachii muscle?

Sphincters have a _______ arrangement of fascicles.

The prime movers of back extension are the:

Voluntary control of urination is facilitated by the:

straight

right angles

short

triangle

rib

wrist

Plantar flexion is the most powerful movement of the foot and ankle