The flashcards below were created by user
katydurkin
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
The muscles that perform most of the action in producing the movement
agonists
-
Muscles that help the prime mover by contracting at the same time to assist in the movement so that the movement is more effective
synergists
-
Muscles that relax when the prime mover and synergists are contracting
antagonists
-
Raises eyebrows
epicranius
-
draws eyebrows together, wrinkles skin of forehead (frowning)
corrugator supercilii
-
closes eye
orbicularis oculi
-
raises lateral corners of mouth upward
zygomaticus major and minor
-
opens lips
levator labii superioris
-
draws corner of lip laterally, tenses lips
risorius
-
draws lower lip inferiorly (pout)
depressor labii inferioris
-
draws corners of mouth downward and laterally (tragedy mask grimace)
depressor anguli oris
-
closes lips, kissing and whistling
orbicularis oris
-
wrinkles chin, protrudes lower lip
mentalis
-
compresses cheek
buccinator
-
tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible
platysma
-
prime mover of jaw closure
masseter
-
-
protracts tongue
genioglossus
-
depresses tongue
hyoglossus
-
retracts and elevates tongue
styloglossus
-
flexes and laterally rotates the head
sternocleidomastoid
-
elevate first two ribs
scalenes
-
extend or hyperextend head
splenius
-
extend and laterally flex the vertebral column, maintain posture
iliocostalis
-
extends vertebral column
spinalis
-
extend vertebral column and head and rotates them to opposite side
semispinalis
-
pull ribs toward one another to activate rib cage
external intercostals
-
draw ribs together and depress rib cage
internal intercostals
-
prime mover of inspiration, flattens on contraction
diaphragm
-
flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column
rectus abdominus
-
flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall, trunk rotation and lateral flexion
external oblique
-
compresses abdominal contents
transverse abdominus
-
with ribs fixed, draws scapula forward and downward
pectoralis minor
-
rotates scapula so that its inferior angle moves laterally and upward
serratus anterior
-
helps stabilize and depress pectoral girdle
subclavius
-
stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates scapula
trapezius
-
elevates/adducts scapula
levator scapulae
-
stabilize scapula
rhomboids
-
prime mover of arm flexion, rotates arm medially, adducts arm
pectoralis major
-
prime mover of arm abduction when all its fibers contract simultaneously
deltoid
-
prime mover of arm extension, powerful arm adductor, medially rotates arm at shoulder
latissimus dorsi
-
chief medial rotator of humerus
subscapularis
-
initiates abduction of humerus
supraspinatus
-
rotates humerus laterally
infraspinatus
-
rotates humerus laterally also
teres minor
-
extends humerus, medially rotates, and adducts humerus
teres major
-
flexion and adduction of the humerus
coracobrachialis
-
powerful forearm extensor
triceps brachii
-
controls ulnar abduction during forearm pronation
anconeus
-
flexes elbow joint and supinates forearm
biceps brachii
-
a major forearm flexor, lifts ulna as biceps lift the radius
brachialis
-
powerful flexor of wrist, abducts hand
flexor carpi radialis
-
tenses skin and fascia of palm during hand movements
palmaris longus
-
prime mover of finger extension
extensor digitorum
-
extends index finger
extensor indicis
-
adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh
pectineus
-
adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
gracilis
-
extends knee and flexes thigh at hip, one of quadriceps
rectus femoris
-
extends and stabilizes knee, one of quadriceps
vastus lateralis
-
extends knee, one of quadriceps
vastus medialis
-
major extensor of thigh
gluteus maximus
-
rotates thigh laterally and stabilizes hip joint
quadratus femoris
-
extends thigh and flexes knee laterally rotates leg, one of hamstrings
biceps femoris
-
extends thigh and flexes knee, medially rotates leg, one of hamstrings
semitendinosus
-
deep to semitendinosus, extends thigh and flexes knee
semimembranosus
-
prime mover of dorsiflexion, inverts foot
tibialis anterior
-
prime mover of toe extension
extensor digitorum longus
-
plantar flexes foot when knee is extended bc it also crosses knee joint, calf
gastrocnemius
-
Close body openings by contracting
circular
-
Has a broad origin; single tendon of insertion
convergent
-
Strap-like with an expanded belly; great ability to shorten but NOT very powerful
parallel
-
Fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle; do NOT shorten as much but are more powerful.
pennate
-
A rigid bar that moves on a fixed point
lever
-
The fixed point upon which a lever moves
fulcrum
-
-
-
-
-
-
load
hand and what you are holding
-
Effort is applied at one end of the lever; the load at the other; fulcrum somewhere in between
first class lever
-
Effort applied at one end of the lever; the fulcrum located at the other; load between them
second class lever
-
Effort applied between the load and the fulcrum
third class lever
-
first class lever
lifting your head off your chest
-
second class lever
standing on tip toe
-
third class lever
flexing the corearm with the biceps brachii
-
The most common lever systems in the body are those that have the applied force between the fulcrum and the resistance. These are called ______ levers.
third class
-
A muscle that assists the muscle primarily responsible for a given action is a
synergist
-
A muscle that is inserted on the mandible is probably involved in:
chewing
-
A muscle whose name ends in the suffix -glossus would be found attached to the:
tongue
-
Damage to which of the following muscles would interfere with quiet breathing?
external intercostals
-
During abdominal surgery, the surgeon makes a cut through the muscle directly to the right of the linea alba. The muscle that is being cut is the
rectus abdominus
-
Muscles with fibers that run straight or parallel to the long axis of the body are called:
rectus
-
The muscular wall of the abdomen is composed of:
oblique and rectus muscles
-
The major abductor muscle of the upper arm is the
deltoid
-
The attachment site of the muscle tendon to the more-movable bone is called the:
insertion
-
The deltoid is a muscle named according to
shape
-
The extensor digitorum muscle is an example of a ____________ muscle.
pennate
-
The _______ nerve innervates all of the extrinsic tongue muscles
hypoglossal
-
Which of the following muscles divides the neck into two triangles?
sternocleidomastoid
-
Which of the following muscles lifts the rib cage during inspiration?
external intercostals
-
The linea alba is found in the
rectus abdominus
-
The _______________ assists the triceps brachii in forearm extension
anconeus
-
Which of the following adducts the fingers and wrist?
flexor carpi ulnaris
-
The prime mover for flexion of the thigh is the __________ muscle.
iliopsoas
-
The ________________ is the prime mover of dorisiflexion of the foot.
tibialis anterior
-
Shin splints are caused by
irritation of the tibialis anterior
-
__________ are muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement.
antagonists
-
How many origins are there for the biceps brachii muscle?
2
-
Sphincters have a _______ arrangement of fascicles.
circular
-
The prime movers of back extension are the:
erector spinae
-
Voluntary control of urination is facilitated by the:
external urethral sphincter
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Plantar flexion is the most powerful movement of the foot and ankle
true
|
|