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what is the antecubital space?
- the hollow or depressed area in front of the elbow bend.
- locates brachial pulse point
- 1 inch above = cuff placement
- correct arm position: fossa level with heart
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what is hypertension?
what is the bp reading?
is it symptomatic or asymptomatic?
- abnormally high bp
- at or above 140/90
- asymptomatic "silent killer"
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what causes an increase in bp? (4)
- exercise
- eating
- emotional disturbance (stress)
- stimulants (caffeine)
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what are the korotkoff sounds?
- series of sounds heard as the pressure in the sphygmomanometer cuff is released during measurement of the arterial blood pressure
- (systolic, auscultatory gap, diastolic)
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what is the auscultation gap?
a period of abnormal silence that occurs between korotkoff phases heard during the measurement of bp.
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what is the device called, used to measure bp?
sphygmomanometer
-
definition of systolic:
- heart/ventricular contraction
- highest pressure
- clear tapping
-
definition of diastolic:
- ventricles relaxed and filled with blood
- lowest pressure
- sounds completely disappear
-
what is the normal respiration rate range?
14-20/min
-
what is the normal pulse range?
60-100 BPM
-
what is the tachycardia range?
Pulse > 100 BPM
-
what is the bradycardia range?
Pulse < 50 BPM
-
where is the site for taking a pulse?
radial artery
-
hypothermia is:
less than 96 degrees F
-
pyrexia is:
greater than 99.5 degrees F
-
what four things cause increased body temp?
- exercise
- hot drink
- smoking
- external heat
-
what four things cause decreased body temp?
- starvation
- hemorrhage
- physiological shock
- hypothermia
-
what are flat lesions?
name 2 examples.
- lesions the same level as the skin or mucosa
- different color than surrounding tissue
- macule/patch
-
what size is a macule?
what are three examples?
what colors can they be?
- less than 1 cm
- freckles, petechia, amalgam tattoo
- brown, black, red, or lighter than surrounding skin
-
what is a depressed lesion?
what size is a depressed lesion?
what are the most common?
- lesion below the normal level of the tissue.
- less than 3 cm
- most common are ulcers
-
what is an ulcer and two examples?
- a crater-like lesion of the tissue where the top two layers of the skin are lost.
- apthous ulcers, chickenpox
-
doing good for a benefit or enhanced wellness =
beneficence
-
the act of self-determination by persons with ability to make a choice or decision. exists for both the patient and hygienist
autonomy
-
avoidance of harm to others; a core value
nonmaleficence
-
duty to tell the truth when the information is disclosed to patients about treatment
veracity
-
what does ADPIE (dental hygiene process of care) stand for?
- assessment
- diagnosis
- planning
- implementation
- evaluation
-
what are cultural considerations? (3)
- nonverbal
- language
- sensitivity
-
what is primary prevention?
- measures carried out so the disease does not occur; truly prevented
- i.e. fluoride
-
what is secondary prevention?
- treatment of early disease to prevent further progress of potentially irreversible conditions, if not arrested, can lead to extensive rehabilitative treatment or loss of teeth.
- i.e. removal of all calc
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