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a dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment of the body, maintained by the nervous system
homeostasis
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the study of behavior and the function and processes of the mind
- psycho-logy
- psycho=mind, logy=study of
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means pertaining to the mind
psychologic
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the study of the processes and function of the body
- physio-logy
- physi/o=nature
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sensory receptors that detect changes that occur inside and outside the body; some receptors monitor changes such as changes in room temp, and other receptors monitor changes within the body such as body temperature
afferent receptors
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signals to muscles and glands to cause an effect
efferent
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the part of the nervous system under conscious or voluntary control
somatic nervous system
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the part of the nervous system that relates to involuntary or autonomic body functions
autonomic nervous system
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the control center, includes the brain and spinal cord
CNS, central nervous system
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consists of the various nerve processes that connect the brain and spinal cord with receptors, muscles and glands
PNS, peripheral nervous system
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conduct impulses either to or from the nervous system
neurons
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transmit impulses to the cell body
dendrites
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carries impulses away from the cell body
axons
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white fatty covering that surrounds many axons
myelin sheath
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outermost layer of the axon
neurilemma
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supporting structure of nervous tissue; cells provide special support and protection; if destroyed, they can replace themselves
- neuroglia
- composed fo glia cells
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cerebr/o, *encephal/o
brain
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cervic/o
neck (sometimes cervix uteri)
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coccyg/o
coccyx, tailbone
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gli/o
neuroglia or a sticky substance
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kerat/o
cornea, hard or horny
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myel/o
bone marrow or spinal cord
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phren/o
mind or diaphragm
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prefix: agora-
marketplace
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suffix: -asthenia
weakness
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suffix: -esthesia
sensation, perception
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suffix: -lexia
words, phrases
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located beneath the thalmus, communicates directly with the pituitary gland
hypothalmus
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provides additional protection for the brain and spinal cord
CSF and meninges (3 membranes)
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connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord
brain stem
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what are the 3 parts of the brain stem?
midbrain, pons and medulla oblangata
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what are the major structures of the brain?
- cerebrum (7/8 of the total weight of the brain)
- diancephalon
- cerebellum
- brainstem
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nerve endings that detect chemicals
- chemoreceptors
- chem/o=chemical
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located immediately under the skin, detects changes in temperature
- thermoreceptors
- therm/o=heat
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responsible for vision
- photoreceptors
- phot/o=light
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the tough white membrane covering much of the eyeball
sclera
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means pertaining to tears
- lacrim-al
- lacrim/o=tear, -al=pertaining to
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refers to the production and discharge of tears
lacrimation
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this duct carries tears to the nasal cavity and explains why a runny nose often accompanies crying
nasolacrimal duct
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the convex, transparent structure at the front of the eyeball
cornea
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located on the posterior part of the eye, contains photoreceptors (rods and cones)... it's continuous with the optic nerve, which carries the impulse to the cerebrum and enables vision
retina
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in the inner ear, contains receptors that enable us to hear
cochlea
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enables us to maintain a sense of balance
semicircular canals
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a nerve cell that has dendrites and an axon
neuron
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the fluid that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord
CSF
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the recording and analysis of electrical activity of the brain
- electro encephalo graphy
- electr/o=electric, enchephal/o=brain, -graphy=recording
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record obtained from an electroencehaphography
electroencephalogram
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blood accumulates in the epidural space, the space outside the dura mater
epidural hematoma
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accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater
subdural hematoma
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bleeding occurs within the brain
intracerebral hematoma
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stroke or stroke syndrome; normal blood supply to the brain has been disrupted; results in insufficient oxygen to brain tissue and is caused by hemorrhage, occlusion (closing), or constriction of the blood vessels that supply normally supply oxygen to the brain
cerebro vascular accident (CVA)
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warning signs preceding strokes; caused by a brief interruption in cerebral blood flow; symptoms include disturbance of normal vision, dizziness, weakness and numbness
- transient ischemic attack (TIA)
- ischemic refers to deficient blood circulation
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fluid accumulation in the skull, caused by disorders such as brain tumors that interfere with the flow of CSF
hydrocephalus
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complete or partial loss of muscle movement
- AKINESIA
- a-=no, kinesi/o=movement, -ia=condition
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partial or complete loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness; results from disease, injury, or administration of an anesthetic
- ANESTHESIA
- an-=no, esthesi/o=feeling
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inability or refusal to swallow; characterized by abstention from eating because swallowing is painful
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uneven curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye that prevents the sharp focus of an image on the retina
- ASTIGMATISM
- stigma=points or makrs, -ism=condition
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abnormal slowness of movement or sluggishness of mental and physical processes
- BRADYKINESIA
- brady=slow; kinesia=movement
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headache
- CEPHALAGIA
- cephal/o=head, -algia=pain
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loss of consciousness, either temporary or prolonged, as a result of a blow to the head
- CEREBRAL CONCUSSION
- cerebr/o=brain, -al=pertaining to
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bruising of brain tissue as a result of head injury
CEREBRAL CONTUSION
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the result of the rupture of a sclerosed or diseased blood vessel in the brain
- CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE
- hem/o=blood, -rrhage=excessive bleeding
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a brain disorder characterized by paralysis and lack of muscle coordination; it results from developmental defects in the brain or trauma at birth
CEREBRAL PALSY
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a state of unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be aroused, even by powerful stimulation
COMA
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protrusion of the brain through a defect in the skull
- CRANIOCELE
- cran/o=skull, -cele=hernia
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paralysis affecting like parts on both sides of the body
- DIPLEGIA
- di=two, -plegia=paralysis
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