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what are the organs of the alimentary canal
mouth, pharynx, esaphagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
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what are the accessory organs?
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gall bladder
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propulsion
movement along the alimentary canal, swallowing, and peristalsis
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peristalsis
the movement of food by a series of alternating waves of muscle contraction and relaxation
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peritoneum
serious membrane which is a this, moistened sheet of lubricating tissue that coveres the walls of the body cavities and surfaces of organs
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parietal peritoneum
lines the abdominopelvic cavity
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visceral peritoneum
coveres most of the digestive organs
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peritoneal cavity
the space between the pertitoneal membranes that contains fluid that helps lubricate
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vestibule
area between cheeks and lips and teeth, oral cavity
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fauces
opening of cavity into the pharynx. tonsils found along both sides of archway
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uvula
helps close opening between pharynx and nasal cavity
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papillae
provide friction to the tongue and contain tastebuds
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tooth decay prior to age 35
streptococcus mutans bacteria
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tooth decay after age 35
periodental disease (plaque yields gingevitis)
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lysozyme
destrays bacteria to protect the mucous membrane
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parotid gland
in cheeks and secretes salivary amylase
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submandibular gland
inner surface of the jaw in floor of mouth secretes mucous
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salivary amylase
begins chemical digestion of starch and glycogen. results in bolus
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pharynx divisions
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
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where does the esophagus penetrate the diaphragm
esophagial hiatus
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what are the walls of the esophagus divided into
inner mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, connective tissue
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what does the muscularis layer of the esophagus become?
lower esophageal sphincter
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ruggae
the folds of the stomach when it is empty
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what are the divisions of the stomach
cardia, fundus, body, pyloris
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what does the cardia layer of the stomach do
surrounds opening that receives food from the esaphagus
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what does the fundus layer of the stomach do
temporary holding area for food
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what is the pylorus end of the stomach
controls food entering into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter
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what are the layers of the stomach wall
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
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what does the mucosa layer of the stomach do
contains millions of little gastric pits which lead to gastric glands which secrete gastric juice (2/3 liters a day)
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what is gastric juice composed of
digestive enzymes, mucous, and HCI
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pepsin
protein splitting enzyme that begins breakdown of proteins
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where is the pancreatic juice secreted
the small intestine
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what does the pancreatic juice do?
helps neutralize acidity of gastric juices
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pancreatic amylase
continues splitting carbohydrates via trypsin chymotripsin, and carboxypeptide
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pancreatic lipase
splits fats into fatty acids and glycerol
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bile
secreted by the liver and aids in digestion of fats
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what attaches the liver to the small intestine
common bile duct
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phagocytic cells
remove bacteria from blood arriving from digestive tract
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emulsifacation
breaking down of fats into fat droplets by the liver hepatocytes
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bile helpstransport what accross the lining of the small intestine
a, d, k, e and fatty acids
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what form lipoproteins
liver
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what do high density lipoproteins do
transport cholesterol from cells to liver
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what is viral hepatitis
inflamation of the liver
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jaundice
bilirobin has been deposited in the skin
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what are the trhee segments of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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where does the large intestine join the small intestine
ileocecal valve
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what are the parts of a villus
a blood cappilary and a a lacteal
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in a villus, where do sugars and amino acids enter
cappilaries
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in a villus, where do the fats enter
lacteals
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what is the cecum
in the large intestine, receives material from small intestine
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