Psych Test Chapter 5

learning to avoid events or conditions associated with aversive consequences or phobias.

a method of changing behavior through a systematic program based on the learning principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning or observational learning, also called behavoir therapy.

a type of learning through which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another.

a learned involuntary response.

the learned response that comes to be elicited by a conditioned stimulus as a result of its repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus.

a neutral stimulus that, after repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, becomes associated with it elicits a conditioned response.

reinforcement that is administered after every desired or correct response; the most effective method of conditioning a new response.

in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between similar stimuli so that the conditioned response occurs only to the original conditioned stimulus but not to similar. in social psychology, behavior (usually negative) directed toward others based on their gender, religion, race, or membership in a particular group.

displaying a previously suppressed behavior because a model does so without receiving punishment.

exhibiting a behavior similar to that shown by a model in an unfamiliar situation.

in classical conditioning, the weakening and eventual disappearance of the conditioned response as a result of repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus. in operant conditioning, the weakening and eventual disappearance of the conditioned response as a result of the withholding of reinforcement.

in classical conditioning, the tendency to make a conditioned response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus. in operant conditioning, the tendency to make the learned repsonse to a stimulus similar to that for which the response was originally reinforced.

conditioning that occurs when conditioned stimuli are linked together to form a series of signals.

suppressing a behavior because a model is punished for displaying the behavior.

the sudden realization of the relationship between elements in a problem situation, which makes the solution apparent

learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement and is not demonstrated until the organism is motivated to do so

one of thorndike's laws of learning, which states that the consequence, or effect, of a response will determine whether the tendency to respond in the same way in the future will be strengthened or weakened

a passive resignation to aversion conditions that is learned through repeated exposure to in escapable or unavoidable aversive events

a relatively permanent change in bahvior, knowledge, capability, or attitude that is aquired through experience and cannot be attributed to illness, injury, or maturation

the individual who demonstrates a behavior or whose behavior is imitated

another name for the observational learning

learning a new behavior from a model through the acquistion of new responses

the termination of an unpleasant condition after a response, which increases the probability that the response will be repeated

learning by observing the behavior of others and the consequences of that behavior, learnign by imitation

a type of learning in which the consequences of behavior are manipulated in order to increase or decrease the frequency of an existing response or to shape an entirely new response

any pleasant or desirable consequneces that follows a response and increases the probability that the response will be repeated

a reinforcer that fulfills a basic physical need for survival and does not depend on learning

the removal of a pleasant stimulus or the application of unpleasant stimulus, thereby lowering the probability of a response.

an inborn, unlearned, automatic response (such as blinking, sucking, and grasping) to a particular environmental stimulus

anything that follows a response and strenghtens it or increases the probability that it will occur

any event that follows a response and stregthens or increases the probability that the respsonse will be repeated

a reinforcer that is acquired or learned through association with other reinforcers

an operant conditioning technique technique that consists of gradually molding a desired behavior (response) by reinforcing any movement in the dircetion of the desired response, thereby gradually guiding the response toward the ultimate goal.

a soundproof chamber with a device for delivering food to an animal subject, used in operant conditioning experiments.

the reappearance of an extinguished response (in a weaker form) when an organism is exposed to the original conditioned stimulus following a rest period.

any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds, plural is stimuli

a series of graudal steps, each of which is more similar to the final desired response

the intense dislike and/ or avoidance of a particular food that has been associated with nausea or discomfort

a behavior modification technique that rewards appropriate behavior with tokens that can be exchanged later for desired items or privileges.

learning that occurs when a response is associated with a successful solution to a problem after a number of unsuccessful responses.

a response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning

a stimulus that elicits a specific unconditioned response without prior learning