Theory Exam 3 Vocab

• accessory structures and ogans of the eye
• eg. eye brows, skin around orbit

bony orifice in which the eye ball sits

staph infection of lid glands, with pus, pain and redness

• sterile clooging of li glands
• no pain, pus, redness

• dropping of lid.
• congenital okay :)

eye lids don't completely close

in-turning of lids

out-turning of lids

Dropping of skin of the eyelids

• lipid deposit in the skin of the eyelids
• usually symmetrical
• high cholesterol
• if kids have this, send them to get blood work done

• inflammation of the eyelid margins and lashes
• kids and infants more often if puncta is no open

loss of lashes

in-turning of lashes

inflammation of the Meibomian glands at the base of the lash

infection of the lacrimal sac with swelling and redness near the nose

inflammation of the lacrimal gland, with swelling and pain in the area of the lacrimal gland

conjunctiva that lines the lids

conjunctiva that overlies the sclera (common red eye)

• inflammation of the conjunctiva.
• bacterial, allergy, viral

the amount of redness or vascuarlization

white to yellow, translucent avascular elevation of the conjunctiva

vascularized clear conjunctiva elevation, often giving a velvety appearance to the affected area

a hyperplasia of the conjunctival tissue, usually in response to environmental irritations on bulbar

a degeneration of the bulbar conjunctiva, involving the cornea

• a hemorrhage that causes great alarm in patients by the overall appearance of the conjunctiva
• old people, constipated
• blood stays behind the conjunctiva the whole sclera is bloody looking
• put cold on it, then hot

swlling of the conjunctiva

• an inflammation of the outer layer of the sclera, with pain in the red area
• people with artheritis are prone to this
• localized in 1 area
• red moves = vasoconstrictor will help shrink it

• an inflammation of the entire sclera, with the entire scelra being red
• red meat look
• red don't move = vasocontristor won't help shrink

when a foreign object has penetrated the first five layers of the cornea, into the stroma

• a cholesterol deposit in the periphery of the cornea
• blood kinda bad
• infultrate = WBCs that get into the stroma

inflammation of the cornea

• tear break up time
• fluorescein instilled into the lower cul-de-sac. patient then blinks and keeps lid open, with doctor counting the seconds until the tear film breaks up. normal is greater than 10sec

• where the aqueous drains
• size is graded from wide open (4+) to closed (0+)

should have no debris or white cells in the aqueous humor that circulates through this chamber

• white blood cells in the aqueous (means active inflammation!)
• if you have these, it's kinda achy not too bad ache

smoky-appearing precipirate of protein leaked from inflamed blood vessels

• misplaced pupil
• not centered

• absence of iris
• use consmetic contact, vision increases
• light sensitivity is a problem

• inflammation of iris
• shine light, "ouch!"

• ciliary body
• cornea

• Iris
• ciliary body
• choroid

• an opactiy of the crystalline lens
• nuclear, cortical, sub-capsular (used steriod too much) and posterior polar

no crystalline lens

artificial lens implant

• remnants of hyaloid artery
• suppose to dissapear when you grow up but didn't

• one of the most diagnostic tools in the diagnosis of glaucoma. this is recorded as a percentage of the disc that the cup occupies.
• the C/D ratio should be relatively the same between the 2 eyes, within +/- 0.1. A difference of 0.2 between the two eyes is highly suspected of problems.
• record vertical and horizontal
• glaucoma C/D increases

should be no elecation of the margins

pathological elevations of the disc margins

• when the rim tissue has a white color and is dying
• +APD

• the observable compression of the central retinal vein at the disc
• diastalic pressure
• systolic pressure
• eye pressure

• the width of the arterioles compared to the width of the venules.
• normal should be about 2/3
• observed at least one disc diameter from the disc

• the width of the light reflection of the arterioles
• normal should be about 1/3
• observed at least one disc diamter from the disc
• if it's wider, then that means it's clogged up

• passage of vessels one over the other
• normal should be no obstruction

impeded blood flow at the vessel crossing

the light reflection of the fovea in the macula

• should be slightly darker than the rest of the reina
• free from hemorrhages and pigment

degeneration of the macula causing a permanent loss of visual acuity

an area of hyperpigmentation in the background

a leakage of blood ouside the vessel

microinfarcts of the nerve fibers, with swelling of the nerve fibers from occlusion of small arterioles; white, fluffy

• Fluid leakage that has been reabsorbed
• leaving a yellow and flat appearance

any break in the retinal layer from trauma, disease, or anatomical variations

• simultaneous perception and superimposition
• possibly diplopia
• the person has to at least have biocularity
• sees lion and cage separate

• flat fusion
• seeing with both eye but no depth perception
• see lion fuse over with cage

• depth perception or steropsis
• highest leel of binocular vision
• sees lion behind the cage

• with only one eye, tips of where things are located relative to the person
• relative size
• light shade
• overlap

• with both eyes, tips for where things are located relative to the person
• disparity between the 2 images of both eyes
• each eye being stimulated in a corresponding point of fovea

• the disparity of a large part of the visual field is evaluated, with no monocular cues
• more sensitive, have to be binocular with bifoveal fixation
• shapes test this aspects of stereopsis

• the presence of a smaller more localized object aided by monocular cues
• local is less sensitive, can be monocular
• wirt circles test this aspect

• the minimum amount of disparity that allows the patient to perceive depth perception
• usually recorded in seconds of arc discernable

• binocularity - have to address the causal etiology of suppression to have a positive prognosis of developing steropsis
• refractive erroe - espcially with large anisometropia
• strabismus - with and without suppression
• age - stereopsis is a learned trait

• Erythrolabe - red pigment
• Chlrolabe - green pigment
• Cyanolabe - blue pigment

see no green

sees no red

sees no blue

• red-green
• usually affect both eyes

• blue-yellow defect
• result of disease
• can be monocular

a less bright red can indicate some form of optic nerve disease

• older patients who are at high risk for macular degeneration
• patients who are high risk for new blood vessel growth in the macula eg diabetics, people with histoplasmosis
• patient who taking high rish medication eg. chloroquine
• patients with unexplained vision loss