Sociology Exam 2

the life long social experiences by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

The only component of personality that is present from birth. the source of all psychic energy, making it the primary component of personality

• The component of personality that is responsible for dealing with reality.
• Functions in both the conscious preconscious and unconscious mind.

• The last component of personality to develop.
• Aspect of personality sense of right and wrong.
• Emerges around age of 5.
• Provides guidelines to making judgements.

3

• how people think and understand
• (NEXT FOUR CARDS ARE THE STAGES)

birth-2 years senses (touch, taste, feel look listening)

• 2-6 years.
• first use language and other symbols

• 7-11 years.
• first see casual connections in their surrounding

• 12 years and up
• individual start to think critically

• 3 phases
• Id, Ego, Superego

• integrates theories and research from biology and sociobiology in an effort to better understand human behavior
• genetic traits
• the environment
• What we learn in interaction with others

• Family
• School
• Peer group
• Mass Media
• Religion

• A position in a social hierarchy that carries a particular set of expectations (who you are as a person)
• ex. brother, student, father

• status is the position
• role is the responsibilities of that position

• crime is the violation of a societys formally enacted criminal LAW (texting while driving)
• deviance is the violations of a societys social norms (wearing sandals to church) (Recognized violations of cultural norms)

• nature is human behavior is instintive (we were born that way)
• nurture- behavior is learned (we learn by our environment and we become that)

• 1. Infancy, birth-18 months (Trust vs. mistrust)
• 2. Early childhood, 2-3 years (autonomy vs. shame and doubt)
• 3. Preschool, 3-5 years (initiative vs. guilt)
• 4. school age, 6-11 years (industry vs. inferiority)
• 5. adolescence, 12-18 years (identity vs. role confusion)
• 6. young adulthood, 19-40 years (intimacy vs. isolation)
• 7. Middle adulthood, 40-65 years (generativity vs. stagnation)
• 8. maturity, 65- death (ego integrity vs. despair)

the seperation/ dissociation from social interaction from others

• Ascribed status, inborn
• achieved status, through effort
• master status, affects other statuses
• status inconsistency, occupies 2 or more that society deems contradictory

• role conflict, 2 or more roles w/ contradictory expectations
• role strain, tension
• role exit, leaving a role that we will no longer occupy

• not necessarily limited to behavior
• not limited to things that are criminal acts
• changes over time
• changes from place to place
• positive change in society

a system of stratification based on access to resources such as wealthy, property, power and prestige

A measure of an individual's place within a social class system; often used interchangeably with "class"

attempts by society to regulate peoples thoughts and behavior

• LABELING THEORY- idea that deviance and comformity results not so much from what people do as how others respond to those actions (its how people define the behavior)
• Medicalization of Deviance- the transformations of moral and legal deviance into medical conditions

crime committed by people in a high social position in the course of their occupation

is the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf

business supplying illegal foods or services

• Crimes against the person (violent crimes)- crimes that involve direct violence or threat of violence
• Crimes against property (property crimes)- crimes that involve theft or property belonging to other

• Deviance exists in relation to cultural norms (structural functional pt of view)
• People become different as others define them that way (symbolic interaction pt of view)
• social power influences what we consider deviant (social conflict pt. of view)

the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy

change in position within the social heiracrchy

move to another position within same level

a form of social stratification in which status is determined by ones family history and background and cannot be changed

a system of stratification based on access to resources such as wealth, property, power and prestige

• income- earning from work or investments
• wealth- the total value of money and other assets, minus outstanding debts (can include stock, bonds, real estate)

• trait of society
• carries from one generation to generation
• it is universal but variable
• involves not just inequality but the belief as well

• income
• wealth
• power- wealth is power
• occupational prestige
• schooling
• ancestry- what family we are born into and family history
• race and ethnicity
• gender

links deviance to social inequality- who or what is labeled "deviant" depends on which categories of people hold power in society

explains how people define deviance in everyday situations

• deviance affirms cultural values and norms
• responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries (what is right and wrong)
• responding to deviance brings people together (people joined for a common cause)
• deviance encourages social change/ change in policy