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alveoli
functional units of the lung, the thin walled chambers surrounded by networks of capillaries that are the site of respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
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Angle of Louis
manubriosternal angle, the articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum continuous with the second rib
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Apnea
Cessation of breathing
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Asthma
an abnormal respiratory condition associated with allergic hypersensitivity to certain inhaled allergens, characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing and dyspnea
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Atelectasis
an abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed shrunken deflated section of alveoli
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Bradypnea
slow breathing, less than 10 breaths per minute, regular rate
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Bronchiole
one of the smaller respiratory passageways into which the segmental bronchi divide
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Bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi with partial obstruction of bronchi due to excessive mucus secretion
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Bronchophony
the spoken voice sound herd through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over normal lung tissue
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Bronchovesicular
the normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, characterized by moderate pitch and an equal duration of inspiration and expiration
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Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a functional category of abnormal respiratory conditions characterized by airflow obstruction, ex- emphysema, chronic bronchitis
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Cilia
millions of hairlike cells lining the tracheobronchial tree
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Consolidation
the solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate as in pneumonia
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Crackles
Rales; abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration
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Crepitus
Coarse crackling sensation palpable over the skin when air abnormally escape from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue
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Dead Space
Passageways that transport air but are not available for gaseous exchange. ex- trachea and bronchi
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Dyspnea
difficult, labored breathing
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Egophony
the voice sound of "eeee" hear through the stethoscope
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Emphysema
the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement of alveoli distal to terminal bronchioles
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Fissure
the narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs
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Fremitus
a palpable vibration from the spoken voice felt over the chest wall
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Friction rub
A coarse, grating, advetitious lung sound heard when he pleurae are inflamed
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Hypercapnia
increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
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Hyperventilation
increased rate and depth of breathing
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Hypoxemia
decreased level of oxygen in the blood
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Intercostal space
space between the ribs
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Kussmauls respiration
a type f hyperventilation that occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis
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Orthopnea
ability to breathe easily only in an upright postition
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Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
sudden awakening from sleeping with shortness of breath
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Percussion
striking over the chest wall with short sharp blows of the fingers in order to determine the size and density of the underlying organ
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Pleural effusion
abnormal fluid between the layers of the pleura
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Rhonchi
low-pitched, musical, snoring, adventitious lung sound caused by airflow obstruction from secretions
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Tachypnea
rapid shallow breathing, greater than 24 breaths per minute
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Vesicular
the soft, low-pitched, normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields
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Vital capacity
the amount of air, following maximal inspiration, that can be exhaled
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Wheeze
High pitched, musical, squeaking adventitious lung sound
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Whispered pectoriloquy
a whispered phrase heard through the stethoscope that sounds faint and inaudible over normal lung tissue
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Xiphoid process
sword-shaped lower tip of the sternum
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