-
lecture 1, dr. richard: insomnia drugs benzodiazepine hypnotics
- enhances GABA
- cons = tolerance, addiction, some have long duration (hard to wake up)
- 1. Temazepam: short acting, 2-3 hr half life
- 2. Lorazepam: intermediate, 8-20 hr half life
- 3. less used: long acting, 24 hr+ half life
-
lecture 1, dr. richard: insomnia drugs non-benziodiazepine hynotics
- enhances GABA
- pros = no tolerance or addiction, and only 2-3 hour half life!!! so you don't feel as drowsy, easier to wake up from
- 1. Zolpidem (AmbienTM)
- 2. Eszopiclone (LunestaTM)
-
lecture 1, dr. richard: insomnia drugs melatonin receptor agonist
- melatonin is important for sleep and circadian rhythm
- pro = no addictive potential
- 1. Ramelteon (RozeremTM)
-
lecture 1, dr. richard: insomnia drugs antihistamines
- 1st generation, crosses blood brain barrier... makes you sedated and drowsy
- pro = OTC
- 1. diphenhydramine (BenadrylTM): active agent of almost all OTC/insomnia/sleep aid/PM drugs
-
lecture 1, dr. richard: periodic limb movement disorder dopamine receptor mediated drugs
- 1. Levodopa/carbidopa combo: dopamine precursors
- 2. Pramipexole (MirapexTM): dopamine agonist
- 3. Ropinirole (RequipTM): dopamine agonist
- all three drugs causes the increase in levels of dopamine
-
lecture 1, dr. richard: periodic limb movement disorder GABA receptor mediated drugs
- 1. Gabapentin: GABA like
- 2. Baclofen: GABA agonist
- 3. Tiagabine: GABA enhacer
- all three inhibit action potentials in the brain
-
lecture 1, dr. richard: treatments for restless leg syndrome
- 1. iron
- 2. Pramipexole (MirapexTM): dopamine agonist
- 3. Ropinirole (RequipTM): dopamine agonist
- 4. others = similar to those for periodic leg movement disorder
-
lecture 1, dr. richard: sleep apnea medical treatment
- CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure
- machine that forces air into lungs just like during CPR
-
lecture 1, dr. richard: sleep apnea surgical treatment
- remove fatty tissues and tonsils
- controversial... only 50/50 feedback or chance
- more like a potential treatment
-
lecture 1, dr. richard: sleep apnea pharmacological treatment
- antidepressants that increase NE and seratonin
- stimulants that decrease GABA
-
lecture 1, dr. richard: narcolepsy treatment
- increase NE levels to increase wakefulness and alertness
- 1. Amphetamine (AdderalTM): reverses NE/Do(Sero) reuptake transporters
- 2. Methylphenidate (RitalinTM): reverses NE/Do(Sero) reuptake transporters
- 3. Atomoxetine (StratteraTM): inhibits NE reuptae transporters
-
lecture 1, dr. richard: ADHD treatment
- increase NE levels to increase wakefulness and alertness
- 1. Amphetamine (AdderalTM): reverses NE/Do(Sero) reuptake transporters
- 2. Methylphenidate (RitalinTM): reverses NE/Do(Sero) reuptake transporters
- 3. Atomoxetine (StratteraTM): inhibits NE reuptae transporters
-
lecture 1, dr. richard: alzheimer's disease, treatment for mild to moderate
- 1. Donepezil (AriceptTM): acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, causes an increase in ACh
- improves cognition but doesn't slow the progression of the disease
-
lecture 1, dr. richard: alzheimer's disease, treatment for severe
1. Memantine (NamendaTM): NMDA antagonist that decreases glutamate excitotoxicity to slow the progression of the disease
-
lecture 2, dr. nickola: bacterial meningitis treatment
- 1. Rifampin: antibiotic
- other treatments... steroids, i.v. fluids and preventative vaccines (HiB for children, Meningococcal for college, and Pneumococcal for elderly)
-
lecture 2, dr. nickola: herpes zoster (shingles) treatment
- 1. Acyclovir: anti-viral drugs
- 2. NSAIDS for pain
- 3. preventative varicella vaccine
|
|
