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Define immunity
reaction of cells and tissues to "non-self or foreign" substances
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Define antigen
what are the four examples of antigens
Foreign agents
- Foreign soluble substances
- Infectious organisms
- Foreign tissue
- Transformed cells/tissue
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What are the two lines of immune Defenses?
- Innate System
- Adaptive System
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Innate (natural) immune system is also called what?
"1st response system"
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what are the characteristics of the innate immune system?
- No previous exposure required (no memory)
- Immediate and rapid response (seconds to minutes)
- Non-specific response (stereotypic patterns to antigen)
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What are the primary constituents for Innate Immunity?
- Chemical defense: low pH
- Physical Barrier: Epithelium (skin mucosa)
- Secretions: defensins, lysozyme, complement, etc.
- Cells
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What are the cells involved in innate immunity?
- Mast cells
- Neutrophils (all granulocytes involved)
- Macrophages
- +NK cells (Natual Killer cells)
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What are APC's used for?
- 1. To link the innate and adaptive immune systems
- 2. They are part of the adaptive immune system
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What are the general characteristics of the adaptive immune system
- Delayed response (days, weeks, years)
- Diverse in recognition of antigens
- Diverse and specific response to antigens
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Adaptive immune system depends on self "__________"
Tolerance
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Define autoimmune disease
loss of ability of cells to discriminate between self and antigen
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Primary cells involved in adaptive immunity
- Antigen presenting cells
- lymphocytes (B and T cells) work cooperatively, signal each other via cytokines
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what are the two primary results of lymphocyte activation?
Production of effector cells- fight antigen NOW, specific expansion of lymphocytes via mitosis, these are the warrior cells
Generation of memory cells- specific for that antigen in the FUTURE
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B Cells
what type of immune response?
Humoral (antibody) immune responses
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B Cells
attack antigen by?
direct chemical bombardment
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activation of a B-cell specific for an antigen results in:
- effector cells- Fight now
- plasma cells- persistent antibodies made, then dumped into interstitial fluid, lymph or blood
- B-memory cells- fight in the future
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T-cells
what type of immune response?
Cell mediated
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T-cells
attack antigen by?
attack antigens cell-to-cell (directly or indirectly)
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T-cells
activation requires?
APC's. AnP-MHC binds to T-cell receptors
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activation of a T-cell specific for an antigen results in:
- effector cells-fight now, cytotoxic T-cells, T-Helper cells, T-suppressor cells, (others)
- T-memory cells- antigen specific, fight in the future
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