Intro to Biotech

• Production of bacteria and fungi as the end product
• Making commercially valuable compound by biotransformation

• Stirred tank reactor- Most common and relies on an agitator to circulate oxygen.
• Airlift fermenter- supplies oxygen to the culture through an intake valve at the bottom of the culture vessel

• Bioreactors - nutrients fed into the fermenter while an equal volume of products, cells and medium are collected.
• Batch Culturing- cell, products, and medium are collected after fermentation is completed.

For growing microorganisms on aerated solid (not submerged) substrate

It is a monoculture of microbes grown in a large scale to extract food and feed supplements for human or livestock.

• More environmentally friendly manufacturing processes
• Better waste treatment
• Better assessment of food safety
• The use of natural flavors or colors
• The use of enzymes or emulsifiers
• Improved starter cultures for fermentation

• Developing virus-resistant strains of bacteria
• Using some bacteria to kill other bacteria
• Using microorganisms as food additives
• Microbial enzymes produced through recombinant DNA

• Flavorings, Nutrients, colorings
• Therapeutic chemicals (insulin or growth factors)
• Metabolites, Enzymes, Antibiotics, Fuels, Biopolymers

• Primary- made during growth phase and is essential to an organisms metabolism
• Secondary- Not essential to cell function or growth and usually made late in the growth cycle and is usually derived from primary metabolites

They are small antimicrobial metabolites produced by bacteria and fungi

• Disrupting the plasma membrane of microbes
• Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
• Inhibiting synthesis of metabolites such as protein, nucleic acids, or folic acids

• Methane- waste as nutrient for growth
• Hydrogen- produces energy and water

The are reproduced by microorganisms and readily broken down.

• Carriers for fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides and fungicides
• In surgery as sutures, pins, and staples
• Artificial blood vessels
• Capsules for pharmaceuticals

It is a process of using microoganisms to alter organic compounds, and plant or animal waste into useful product or energy

Foreign proteins are displayed on the surface of microbial or yeast cells by anchoring them to the cell-surface protein

Bacteria that lives in plants and make proteins using bacteria to combat frost injury.

• They are used to combat pest using bacteria and virus in place of chemicals
• The concern is it could harm beneficial insects

• It is a soil bacterium
• It produces endotoxins which are toxic to insects that eat it (not harmful to mammals, fish, birds)

• The toxin doesn't last long so resistance doesn't develop
• There are many toxin's genes and genes created by recombinant DNA
• It allows for less chemical pesticide use

• It infects mostly larval stages of insects.
• Very specific to insect
• Can be modified by transferring other toxin genes to the virus to increase effectiveness

The process of reclaiming or cleaning up contaminated sites using microorganisms

• The use of nutrients to encourage growth and enhance activity of bacteria already present in soil or water
• The addition of a bacteria to the polluted site

• Degrade Oil Spills
• Wastewater treatment
• Removing toxic heavy metal and soil contamination
• Oil and mineral recovery
• Metal extraction