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When did the first large scale use of chemical agents occur?
WWI 1915 Germans released chlorine gas against allies in Ypres, Belgium
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Approx. how much of U.S. casualties during WWI were due to chemical agents?
1/3
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During a chemical attack, what is your first priority?
Your own survival so that you can treat casualties
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What skin decon kit replaced the M258A1?
M291
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What is the first priority in First-Aid & decon. of casualties?
Control of massive hemorrhage
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Each ship will have a minimum of how many decon. stations?
2 as hull design permits
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Who maintains custody of the decon. supply cabinet?
DCA - Damage Control Assistant
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How is it determined whether an agent is lethal or not?
Lethal agents result in a 10% or greater death rate among casualties
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Pharmacologically, nerve agents are -
Cholinesterase inhibitors
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Colorless to light brown liquid, odorless to faint sweetish or fruity vapor
Nerve agents
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Atropine treats against what type of agent?
Nerve
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Give three examples of nerve agents
Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB), Soman (GD)
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How long should an atropine autoinjector be held in place?
10 seconds
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How long should you wait before giving a second set of nerve-agent atidotes?
10-15 minutes if symptoms still persist
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Who is responsible for maintaining adequate supplies for decontamination?
The Medical Officer or Senior Med. Dept. Rep
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How do nerve agents produce their affect?
By interfering with nerve impulses in the PNS
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What part of the body is most sensitive to the effects of mustard gas?
Eyes
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What is the treatment against blood agents?
Amyl Nitrate ampules followed by IV Sodium thiosulfate/nitrate
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Phosgene (CG) is a
Choking agent
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The smell of fresh mown hay or grass is an indication of
Exposure to casualty producing amounts of Phosgene gas (CG)
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Abnormal or inappropriate behavior may be only sign of expose to what type of agent?
Incapacitating (BZ)
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What is the best treatment against riot control agents?
Fresh air
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What type of agent produces pepper like irritation of upper respiratory tract and epes?
Vomiting - Adamsite (DM)
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What is the best treatment for an Adamsite exposure?
Symptomatic and vigorous exercise/carrying out of duties
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White Phosphorus injuries should be treated...
Copper sulfate rinse then surgical removal
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What is the only way to detect the presence of biological agents?
Laboratory examination
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What must be done if a water supply is believed to have been contaminated with a biological agent?
Boil it
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How are thermal burns from a nuclear attack treated?
The same as regular burns
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What is the recommended dosage of antibiotics for victims of radiation injuries?
3x the normal dosage
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What categories of injuries can be sustained from a Nuclear blast?
Blast & Shockwave, burns, & ionizing radiation
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