embolism 3

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most common symptom of emboli

dyspnea
2 clinical feature of embolism
- dyspnea
- pleuritic pain and hemoptysis
2 physical findings of emboli
- tachypnea
- tachycardia
breathsounds of emboli
- usually clear
- may include rales and wheezing
- pleural friction rubif infarction is present
syncope is seen on occasion (confusion and lightheadedness) if

LV output and systemic BP decrease
ABGs of emboli
- resp alkalosis
- mild to moderate hypoxemia on room air
- increased A-a gradient
hemodynamic values of emboli********
- increase PAP
- CVP will increase depending upon the severity of occlusion
- PCWP will be normal to low
- -low value seen when right heart failure reduces left ventricular preload
most definitive test to confirm presense of emboli

pulm angiogram (radiographic findings)
radiographic findings are usually

inconclusive to normal
5 prevention of DVT
- positioning
- active and passive exercises of lower extremities
- use of stockings to prevent thrombi -TED stockings - thrombo-embolic defense
- intermittent pneumatic compression devices - SCD's - sequential compression devices
- prophylactic anticoagulation therapy
5 types of treatment to treat emboli
- heparin to prevent formation of new clots
- streptokinase, urokinase, TPA to dissolve existing clots
- insertion of umbrella - greenfield filter
- oxy therapy
serious complication of musculoskeletal trauma

fat embolism
2 types of fractures from fat embolism
- long bone fractures of leg
- pelvic fractures
particles of fat from bone marrow enter blood during

trauma
some small fat particles may enter

systemic circulation and are carried to other organs
most fat particles enter

pulm circulation
4 types of neurologic complications
- confusion
- stupor
- delirium
- coma
radiographic findings of fat embolism
- diffuse patchy densities
- -alveolar
don't look at x-rays.

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Anonymous

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embolism 3

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embolism 3

Updated

2010-11-01T06:08:05Z

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