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1st trimester bleeding:
normal IUP, abortion, ectopic, GTD, subchorionic hemorrhage
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SAB:
TV 18mm MGSD without embryo, 13 mm MGSD without YS, 5 mm CRL without heart motion
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Empty GS:
normal early IUP, blighted ovum, pseudogestational sac from ectopic
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Echogenic central cavity:
decidual reaction, hemorrhage, RPOC
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Complex intrauterine mass:
missed abortion, fetal demise, molar pregnancy, degenerated fibroid, endometrial CA
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High MSAFP:
incorrect dates, multiple gestation, NTD, abd wall defect, GI obstruction, renal anomalies, fetal hepatitis, placental hemorrhage
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Low MSAFP:
Downs, trisomy 18, incorrect dates, fetal death, not pregnant, hydatidiform mole
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Hydrops:
immune; most nonimmune � cardiac tacharrhythmias or defect, idiopathic, chromosomal anomalies, twin-twin transfusion, anemias, infections
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Polyhydramnios:
idiopathic; maternal � DM, HTN; fetal � NTD, proximal GI obstruction, chest masses, twin-twin transfusion, nonimmune hydrops, chromosomal anomalies, infection
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Oligohydramnios: DRIPPC �
demise, renal anomalies, IUGR, PROM, post-dates, chromosomal anomalies
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Placentomegaly:
>4cm thick; hydrops, maternal DM, maternal anemia, TORCH, intraplacental hematoma
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Small placenta:
maternal HTN, toxemia, severe DM, IUGR
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Abnormal placental echotexture:
partial mole, hydropic placenta, hemorrhage or abruption, common but insignificant findings (venous lakes, infarcts), chorioangioma
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Umbilical cord abnormalities:
solitary umbilical artery - trisomy 13, 18, structural anomalies; enlarged umbilical cord � edema, hematoma, cysts, mucoid degeneration of Wharton�s jelly; other � knots, varices, straight cord, nuchal cord, vasa previa
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Abnormal LUS:
cord prolapse (Trendelenburg and call OB), incompetent cervix, placenta previa, cerclage, low fibroid
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3rd trimester bleeding:
placenta previa, abruption, cervical lesions, idiopathic
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Masses during pregnancy:
- uterus � fibroid, focal contraction, GTD, hemorrhage;
- adnexal � CLC, dermoid, theca lutein cysts, other ovarian neoplasms;
- other � PID, appendiceal abscess
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Fetal death:
no fetal heartbeat, absent fetal movement, overlapping skull bones (Spalding�s sign), gross distortion of fetal anatomy (maceration), soft tissue edema
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