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Absent stomach bubble:
oligohydramnios, swallowing abnormality from CNS defect, EA, CDH, situs abnormality, trisomy 18
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Double bubble:
assoc with polyhydramnios; duodenal atresia, annular pancreas, proximal jejunal atresia, gut duplication
-
Dilated bowel:
atresia, stenosis, volvulus, meconium ileus, enteric duplication, Hirschsprung�s; proximal obstructions usu assoc with polyhydramnios; distal obstructions usu assoc with normal amniotic fluid
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Echogenic bowel:
as bright as bone; normal variant in 2nd trimester, CF (common), Downs, IUGR, CMV, small bowel atresia or volvulus, swallowed blood in amniotic fluid
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Abdominal calcification:
meconium peritonitis (most common), meconium ileus, atresias, volvulus, renal, liver TORCH, neuroblastoma, teratoma, fetal gallstones
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Hydronephrosis:
UPJ (#1), UVJ, duplex collecting system, BOO (PUV, prune belly)
-
Common renal anomalies:
agenesis, ectopic kidney, hydronephrosis, ARKD, MCDK
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Cystic abdominal structures:
hydronephrosis, fluid-filled dilated bowel, ascites, meconium pseudocyst, cysts (mesenteric, urachal, duplication, ovarian, choledochal)
-
Liver:
calcification � TORCH; cysts � simple, polycystic dz, choledochal cyst, Caroli�s, hamartoma; masses � teratoma, hepatoblastoma, hemangioma, hemangioendothelioma, hamartoma
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Splenomegaly:
immune hydrops, PROM, TORCH
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Ascites:
hydrops, meconium peritonitis, urine ascites, infection, pseudoascites
-
Anterior wall defects (mid, lat, infra):
- midline - omphalocele;
- lateral - gastroschisis, amniotic band syndrome;
- infraumbilical - bladder or cloacal exstrophy
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Sacral region anomalies:
teratoma, meningocele, duplication cyst, caudal regression syndrome
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Fractures:
OI, hypophosphatasia
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Polydactyly:
familial, trisomy 18, 13, Meckel-Gruber syndrome, chondroectodermal dysplasia
-
Clubfoot:
idiopathic, trisomy 18, amniotic band syndrome, meningocele
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