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Computerized Tomography Scan(CT Scan)
Multiple x-rays are shot from many different angles, and the computer combines the readings to create a vivid image of horizontal slice of the brain.
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(Positron Emission Tomography) PET Scan
Examines brain function, mapping actual activity in the brain over-time
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Uses magnetic fields, radio waves, and computerized enhancement to map out brain structure.
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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Monitors blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain to identify area's of high activity- High resolution.
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Hindbrain
Includes the cerebellum, medulla, and the pons
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Cerebellum
Structure that coordinates fine muscle movement/ balance
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Medulla
Responsible for regulating largely unconscious functions such as breathing and circulation of blood.
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Pons
Involved in sleep and arousal
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Midbrain
Lies between the hindbrain and forebrain- Integrates sensory processes such as vision and hearing.
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Reticular Formation
Runs through both the hindbrain and midbrain- Contributes to the modulation of muscle reflexes, breathing, and pain perception.
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Forebrain
Includes the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the limbic system, and the cerebrum
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Thalamus
Structure in which all sensory information must pass to get to the cerebral cortex- handles incoming and outgoing signals
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Hypothalamus
Responsible for regulating basic biological needs: hunger, thirst, temperature control.
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Endocrine System
A network of hormone producing glands
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Limbic system
Involved in the regulation of emotion, memory, and motivation.
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Hippocampus
Part of limbic system involved in learning and memory.
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Hippocampus
Part of limbic system involved in learning and memory
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Amyglada
Part of limbic system involved in emotion and aggression.
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Cerebrum
Responsible for sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciences, and voluntary movement.
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Corpus Callosum
Band of fibers that is the communication bridge between the right and left halves of the brain.
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Occipital Lobe
At the back of the head- Includes the cortical area where most visual signals are sent and visual process is begun.
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Parietal Lobe
Forward of the occipital lobe- includes the area that registers sense of touch (primary somatosensory cortex). Also involved in integrating visual input and monitoring body's position in space.
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Primary Somatosensory Cortex (sensory cortex)
Sense of touch- various sections of this area recieve signals from different regions of the body
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Temporal Lobe
Below the parietal lobe- Deals with auditory processing
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Frontal Lobe
At front- Contains the primary motor cortex(motor cortex) which controls movement of muscles. Contains prefrontal cortex.
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Prefrontal Cortex
Involved with working memory, memory for sequences of events, and reasoning about relations between objects and events.
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Spinal Cord
Responsible for transmitting information between brain and rest of body- handles simple reflexes
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Motor Cortex
Controls movement of muscles.
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Pituitary Gland
Master gland that regulates other endocrine glands.
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Peripheral Nervous System
Made up of all the nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord. Subdivided into the Somatic nervous system and Autonomic nervous system.
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Somatic Nervous System
Made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and to sensory receptors.
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Afferent Nerve Fibers
Axons that carry information inward to the central nervous system.
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Efferent Nerve Fibers
Axons that carry information outward from the central nervous system.
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Autonomic Nervous System
Made of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands. (You feel someone is following you- heart rate and breathing increases)
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Central Nervous System
Consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
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Meninges
Protective sheaths covering the brain and spinal cord.
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Parasympathetic Division
Branch of the autonomic nervous system that conserves bodily resources.
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Sympathetic Division
Branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes resources for emergencies.
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Broca's Area
Involved in speech production
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Wernicke's Area
Involved in language comprehension.
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